Abstract
Background: Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive, single-stranded large ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect various animals including humans which were first investigated by Tyrell and Bynoe in 1966. In Ethiopia, more than 26 million students were affected by school closures due to coronavirus surge. Objectives: The survey was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic of COVID-19 among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 153 college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 27-May 07, 2020. A short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS 21) scale were used, to measure both the magnitude as well as their severity. Findings: The overall prevalence of depression was 51% (95%CI: 42.8-59.1%), of which 49%, 18.1%, 20.9%, 7.2%, and 4.6% of participants had normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe depression consecutively. The overall prevalence of anxiety was 51.6% (95%CI: 43.4-59.8%), where 11%, 20.9%, 6.5%, and 13.1% of the participants had mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe anxiety symptoms respectively. The magnitude of stress was 11.1% (95%CI: 6.6-17.2%) of which only 7.8% and 2.6% had mild and moderate stress symptoms. The odds of developing anxiety among the students with a family income of 2001-4999 birr and greater than 10,000 birr had 69.7% (AOR: 0.303; 95%CI: 0.102-0.901) and 79.5% (AOR: 0.205, 95%CI: 0.064-0.653) higher odds as those with a monthly income of less than 2000 birr. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of depression and anxiety was observed from the current study, whilst the level of stress is still higher. A higher monthly income was associated with the development of anxiety during the pandemic of COVID-19. Concerned bodies were recommended to work over the identified problems, besides; large scale study mainly focused on determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress was also emphasized.
Highlights
IntroductionCoronaviruses are enveloped, positive, single-stranded large ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that infect various animals including humans which were first investigated by Tyrell and Bynoe in1966. [1] During January 2020, novel coronavirus was confirmed by World Health Organization (WHO) to cause respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan city, Hubei province, china [2], whereas the case fatality rate of Covid was much lower than SARS of 2003. [3, 4]The epidemic brought risk of death, andInternational Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences 2020; 6(6): 126-132 insufferable psychological pressure on people around the world. [5, 6] There were reports of the psychological impacts of the epidemic on older adults, medical staff, children, patients, and the public in general
Depression and anxiety mostly observed among single participants at a rate of 47.8% and 48.4%, whilst all in all in case of stress
More than on third (37.9%) and 39.9% of participants who live with their parents sustained depression and anxiety respectively. (Table 1)
Summary
Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive, single-stranded large RNA viruses that infect various animals including humans which were first investigated by Tyrell and Bynoe in1966. [1] During January 2020, novel coronavirus was confirmed by World Health Organization (WHO) to cause respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan city, Hubei province, china [2], whereas the case fatality rate of Covid was much lower than SARS of 2003. [3, 4]The epidemic brought risk of death, andInternational Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences 2020; 6(6): 126-132 insufferable psychological pressure on people around the world. [5, 6] There were reports of the psychological impacts of the epidemic on older adults, medical staff, children, patients, and the public in general. No study on homestay followed depression, anxiety, and stress among college students in Ethiopia was investigated to date. In Ethiopia, more than 26 million students were affected by school closures due to the coronavirus surge [11], the continuous spread of the epidemic, the fabrication of inconsistent news, and delays in starting colleges, schools, and universities are predictable to influence the mental health of college students. The current study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severities of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic of COVID-19 among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Objectives: The survey was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress during the pandemic of COVID-19 among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Concerned bodies were recommended to work over the identified problems, besides; large scale study mainly focused on determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress was emphasized
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