Prevalence and risk of peri-implant diseases based on the type of prosthetic restoration: A retrospective study after 17 to 23 years

Abstract

Statement of problemInformation on the epidemiology and etiopathology of peri-implant diseases in reference to prostheses is sparse. PurposeThe purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to analyze the prevalence and risk of peri-implant diseases based on the type of prosthesis. Material and methodsA total of 274 implants in 106 patients were evaluated by clinical and radiological examination. Peri-implant mucositis was defined by bleeding on probing, whereas peri-implantitis was defined by additional bone loss ≥1.5 mm since seating of the definitive prosthesis. Prosthetic design and anamnestic risk factors were assessed in a regression analysis, whereas clinical and radiological differences between the prosthesis groups were compared by the Pearson chi-squared test (α=.05 for all procedures). ResultsThe median observation period was 18 years. Seventy-two implants were restored with single crowns, 138 implants with fixed partial dentures, and 64 implants with removable prostheses. Peri-implant mucositis was diagnosed more often in implants supporting fixed partial dentures (42.8%), whereas peri-implantitis was found more frequently in implants supporting removable prostheses (31.3%) (overall distribution pattern: P<.001). The type of prosthetic restoration was confirmed to be an independent prognostic risk factor regarding peri-implant diseases (P=.005). Additionally, increased bone loss was found with implant-supported removable prostheses, regardless of peri-implantitis (P<.001). ConclusionsThe type of prosthetic restoration was identified as an independent risk factor for the development of peri-implant diseases. Particularly, implants supporting double crown-retained removable prostheses might be at risk.