Abstract
PurposeThe present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in early adolescence, to examine the distribution of psychiatric disorders by maternal and child characteristics and to evaluate the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidities.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of all live births in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004 (n = 4231). A total of 3562 subjects were evaluated at 11 years of age. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for any psychiatric disorder.ResultsAccording to DSM-5 criteria, the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 13.2% (n = 471), 15.6% among the boys and 10.7% among the girls. The most common disorders were anxiety disorders (4.3%), any attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (4.0%) and any conduct/oppositional disorder (2.8%). Low maternal education, smoking during pregnancy, the presence of moods symptoms during pregnancy or maternal chronic and severe depressive symptoms in the first years of the adolescent´s life, male gender, 5-min Apgar score < 7 at birth and preterm birth were associated with higher odds of any psychiatric disorder at age 11. Psychiatric comorbidities were observed in 107 subjects (22.7%), of whom 73, 24, and 10 had two, three, and four psychiatric diagnoses, respectively.ConclusionsOur results underscore the importance of psychiatric disorders as a prevalent condition in early adolescence, which has a direct impact on the planning of public policies and specific mental health care services in this age group.
Highlights
Psychiatric disorders account for a significant proportion of the global burden of disease [1, 2]
The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was higher among the male adolescents, mainly because attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/hyperactivity disorders and conduct/ oppositional disorders were more common among the boys
The prevalence of any mood disorder, any ADHD/ hyperactivity disorder, and any psychiatric disorder was higher among adolescents belonging to families with a lower socioeconomic position (SEP) than among those belonging to families with a higher SEP
Summary
Psychiatric disorders account for a significant proportion of the global burden of disease [1, 2]. Psychiatric disorders represent 9.8% of the burden of disease in low- and middleincome countries [3]. According to Kieling et al [1], at least 10% of children and adolescents worldwide have a psychiatric disorder, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Psychiatric disorders and substance use have been found to be the main causes of disabilityadjusted life-years (DALYs) among young people in highincome countries [5]. Psychiatric disorders cause personal and family suffering, and are recognized risk factors for substance abuse and criminality, as well as predicting negative outcomes in adulthood [6].
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