Prevalence and risk factors of low quantitative ultrasound values of calcaneus in Korean elderly women

Abstract

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone is a new radiation-free, low-cost method that measures both bone mass and bone quality. This study was performed to establish the normative data of QUS for Korean women and to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low quantitative ultrasound values in a Korean elderly population. We studied 238 healthy women aged 20–29 years working at a hospital, and 552 women over 50 years of age living in six villages of Chung-Up district, a rural area of South Korea, using QUS measurement of bone. Broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound were measured at the calcaneus, and an index combining these factors (stiffness index) was calculated. T-score was calculated from the data of young normal subjects. Of the 552 elderly women, 34.2% had T-scores between −1.0 and −2.5, and 11.8% had T-scores below −2.5. The prevalence of low quantitative ultrasound values increased with older age, longer duration following menopause, lower body mass index, younger age at menopause and smoking. In multiple logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio = 1.40 per 5 years, P < 0.05), duration following menopause (odds ratio = 1.35 per 5 years, P < 0.05) and body mass index (odds ratio = 0.78 per quartile, P < 0.05) were independently associated with low quantitative ultrasound values. These results suggested that quantitative ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus could be a useful tool for epidemiological surveys of bone mass.