Abstract
BackgroundDengue is a clinically important arthropod-borne viral disease with increasing global incidence. Here we aimed to estimate the prevalence of dengue infections in Khanh Hoa Province, central Viet Nam, and to identify risk factors for infection.MethodsWe performed a stratified cluster sampling survey including residents of 3–60 years of age in Nha Trang City, Ninh Hoa District and Dien Khanh District, Khanh Hoa Province, in October 2011. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against dengue were analyzed using a rapid test kit. Participants completed a questionnaire exploring clinical dengue incidence, socio-economic status, and individual behavior. A household checklist was used to examine environment, mosquito larvae presence, and exposure to public health interventions.ResultsIgG positivity was 20.5% (urban, 16.3%; rural, 23.0%), IgM positivity was 6.7% (urban, 6.4%; rural, 6.9%), and incidence of clinically compatible dengue during the prior 3 months was 2.8 per 1,000 persons (urban, 1.7; rural, 3.4). For IgG positivity, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 2.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–5.81) for mosquito larvae presence in water pooled in old tires and was 3.09 (95% CI, 1.75–5.46) for proximity to a densely inhabited area. For IgM positivity, the AOR was 3.06 (95% CI, 1.50–6.23) for proximity to a densely inhabited area.ConclusionsOur results indicated rural penetration of dengue infections. Control measures should target densely inhabited areas, and may include clean-up of discarded tires and water-collecting waste.
Highlights
Dengue fever (DF)=dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is showing rapid global expansion
The 2009 national census estimated that the average number of household members in Khanh Hoa Province was 3.9, and that 84.4% of the population was between 3–60 years of age.[13]
The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 2.68 for mosquito larvae presence in water pooled in old tires and was 3.09 for proximity to a densely inhabited area
Summary
Dengue fever (DF)=dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is showing rapid global expansion. Over the past 5 decades, its global incidence has increased 30-fold, and it has shown geographic expansion to new countries and from urban to rural areas.[1,2] A global modeling study estimates that 390 million dengue infections occurred in 2010, of which 96 million manifested with clinical or sub-clinical severity.[3] Control program effectiveness is compromised largely due to the complexity and difficulty of establishing vector control. Vector resistance to insecticides has been reported at multiple sites.[4] The effectiveness of insecticide-based strategies is not well established since few published studies have formally and rigorously assessed their impact on dengue incidence.[5,6] Epidemiological studies are essential to properly focus prevention and control measures on high-risk groups, especially since the. Dengue is a clinically important arthropod-borne viral disease with increasing global incidence. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of dengue infections in Khanh Hoa Province, central Viet Nam, and to identify risk factors for infection
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