Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional survey

Jiayu Duan,Lulu Liang,Zhangsuo Liu,Yu Zhang,Pei Yu,Chongjian Wang,Dongwei Liu,Dengke Jiang,Shaokang Pan,Huanhuan Zhao,Zihao Zhao,Yingjin Qiao,Fei Tian

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46857-7

Abstract

We conducted a cross-sectional survey including 23869 participants and aimed to measure the prevalences of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a Chinese rural population. CKD and DKD status was defined according to the combination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and presence of albuminuria Participant completed a questionnaire involving life-style and relevant medical history, and the blood and urinary specimen were taken. The age- and gender- adjusted prevalences of CKD and DKD were calculated and risk factors associated with the presence of CKD and DKD were analyzed by logistic regression. The overall prevalence of CKD was 16.4% (15.9–16.8%) and of DKD was 2.9% (2.7–3.1%). In participants with diabetes, the overall prevalence of CKD was 35.5% (95% CI = 33.7–37.3%). Factors independently associated with renal damage were age, gender, education, personal income, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Our study shows current prevalences of CKD and DKD in Chinese rural residents. Further researches could identify potential factors explaining the observed differences and implement the interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in rural population.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a global public health issue in the past decades and affects more than 10% population worldwide
The overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) was 16.4% and 2.9%, respectively (Table 2)
To the best of our knowledge, the present study was firstly performed in a large representative sample of Chinese rural population and evaluated the current epidemiological features of both CKD and DKD

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a global public health issue in the past decades and affects more than 10% population worldwide. Unhealthy diet, unbefitting physical activity and obesity are reported to be associated with the increasing risk of CKD2. In China, CKD is highly prevalent since the rapid increasing prevalences of relevant risk factors, like diabetes, hypertension, unhealthy diet, unbefitting physical activity and metabolic syndrome[6,7,8,9]. The inadequate awareness and control of diabetes and hypertension exacerbate the socioeconomic and health burden of CKD in Chinese population[10,11,12,13]. Liu et al reported that prevalence of diabetes was 6.6% in 2016, accounting for almost 90 million Chinese with diabetes[8]. ≤Primary school Junior high school ≥Senior high school Per capita monthly income (RMB) ≤500 500≥1000 Current smoker Habitual drinker Dietary pattern Diet rich in fruits and vegetables High fat diet Physical activity Low Moderate High Self-reported HBV infection Hypertension Dyslipidemia Hyperuricemia Diabetes Body mass index (kg/m2) Total cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglyceride (mmol/L) LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) FPG (mmol/L) Uric acid (μmol/L) Creatinine (μmol/L) eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) ACR (mg/g)

Methods

Results

Conclusion