Abstract
Ever rising prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) is a major challenge for the health sector in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of CVD and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with it in Bangladesh. The data were collected through a cross-sectional survey following a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure. The present analysis was performed among 12,338 respondents aged ≥35 years, selected from rural areas and urban slums. Information was gathered using a structured questionnaire, whereas measurements were taken using standardized procedures. Logistic regression with exchangeable correlation structure among clusters was executed to explore the association. About 30% of participants had hypertension, 5% diabetes, 20% obesity; 77% were either smokers or consumed smokeless tobacco, and 28% were physically inactive. The prevalence of CVD was 4.5% (stroke: 1.8% and heart diseases: 3.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, extra salt intake, daily sleep, tiredness, age, gender, occupation, administrative division, and wealth quintile were found to be significantly associated with CVD. The study highlighted that the prevalence of CVD is high in Bangladesh, and its associated risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes are on the rise, especially in the older population, women, and high-income groups. Therefore, immediate public health intervention is warranted to address the issue.
Highlights
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are a major contributor to global deaths in developed countries, and its prevalence is rising in developing countries as well and posing a major challenge for the health sector [1,2]
In 2012, 17.5 million deaths were caused by CVDs around the world, accounted for one-third of all deaths and 80% of which occurred in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) [3]
A total of 12,338 people aged ≥35 years were selected for the study, wherein 39.9% of the participants were aged 35–45 years and 12.9% aged ≥65 years
Summary
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are a major contributor to global deaths in developed countries, and its prevalence is rising in developing countries as well and posing a major challenge for the health sector [1,2]. In 2012, 17.5 million deaths were caused by CVDs around the world, accounted for one-third of all deaths and 80% of which occurred in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) [3]. Globally CVDs attribute to 85% of all disabilities [4]. Low- and middle-income countries are currently experiencing epidemiological transition of the disease patterns, with declining infectious diseases and increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity, CVDs and cancers, as well as exposure of extreme temperatures and salinity [5]. According to the Government Health Bulletin (2013), the disease of
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