Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Fascioliasis in Kelantan, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Mohamad Ahmad-Najib,Noor Jamil Noor-Izani,Wan Abdul Wahab Wan-Nor-Amilah,Weng Kin Wong,Muhammad Faez Arizam

doi:10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.1

Mohamad Ahmad-Najib, Noor Jamil Noor-Izani + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.1

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Abstract

Bovine fascioliasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of bovine fascioliasis in Kelantan. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 308 stool and blood samples of farmed cattle were collected from December 2017 to June 2018. The stool samples were examined microscopically for the presence of Fasciola spp. eggs following a formalin-ether sedimentation process. The blood samples were subjected to a commercial ELISA kit (Bio-X-Diagnostic, Rochefort, Belgium) for the detection of anti-Fasciola IgG antibody. The association between coprological findings and risk factors was determined using Pearson’s chi-square (χ2). The coproprevalence and seroprevalence of bovine fascioliasis was 14.6% and 37.3%, respectively. There were significant (P < 0.05) associations between the risk of infections and the sex, type of feedings, anthelmintic treatment and farm hygiene. Female cattle (OR: 3.104; 95% CI: 1.265, 7.615), feeding by grazing (OR: 4.458; 95% CI: 1.823, 10.90), untreated cattle (OR: 3.833; 95% CI: 1.620, 9.071), non-schedule anthelminthic treatment (OR: 3.927; 95% CI: 1.685, 9.152) and farm that have never been cleaned (OR: 2.829; 95% CI: 1.428, 5.608) showed higher odds of Fasciola spp. infection. These findings suggested bovine fascioliasis is a serious veterinary disease in Kelantan. Thus, appropriate control, prevention and monitoring strategies of this parasitic infection are urgently needed to reduce the burden of the disease.

Highlights

Fascioliasis is an important parasitic disease caused by the trematodes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica
The highest coproprevalence of fascioliasis among cattle was recorded in Machang with prevalence of 32.3% (Fig. 2)
The present study showed the prevalence of Fasciola spp. infestation in cattle was 14.6% based on coprological examination and 37.3% based on serological detection of anti-Fasciola IgG antibody

Summary

Introduction

Fascioliasis is an important parasitic disease caused by the trematodes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The trematodes affect a large variety of animals including cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes through ingestion of infective metacercariae (Hossain et al 2011; Zainalabidin et al 2015; Rahman et al 2017; Mursyidah et al 2017). Once released from the snails, the cercariae will encyst on aquatic vegetation as metacercariae and taken up by grazing animals. The disease causes significant economic losses to the livestock industries due to the reduction of body weight, liver condemnation, decrease in milk yield production, increase cost of anthelmintic treatment and reduction of animals’ fertility (Schweizer et al 2005; Khoramian et al 2014; El-Tahawy et al 2017). In Africa, Asia, Oceania and Europe, the occurrence of fascioliasis was highest in cattle compared to other animals such as sheep, goats and buffaloes (Mehmood et al 2017). In Asia, bovine fascioliasis is spreading widely in many regions including Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Bovine Fascioliasis in Kelantan

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