Prevalence and Risk Factors For Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose among Adults Aged 15-64 Years in Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2013:Through a Who Step Wise Approach

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin action, production, or both. Despite the huge health and economic burden of diabetes mellitus, prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and pre diabetes mellitus are not well documented in Ethiopia generally and in the study area in particular. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose and their risk factors among adults 15-64 years old in Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center. Method and materials: The study was based on secondary data collected from late September 2008 to the end of January 2009 in Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center of Jimma University according to WHO-STEP wise approach in a community setting. A total of 4371, 2653 and 1861adults in the age group of 15-64 years were included for step I, II and III respectively. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was estimated using multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose. Results: The crude prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose among the study participants was 4.4 % [0.6% self-reported (95% CI: 0.30% 0.80%) vs 3.8% newly diagnosed (95% CI: 0.02 – 0.04)] and 9.7% [95% CI: 0.080.11] respectively. The age adjusted prevalence of DM and IFG to the standard world population was 3.7% [95%CI: 0.17-0.45] and 10.1% [95%CI: 0.32-0.67] respectively. Being male [AOR:3.0 (95%CI: 2.80-5.67)], being in the age group of 35-44 [AOR: 4.5 (95%CI: 3.05-10.23)], being current smoker [AOR:1.8 (95%CI:1.68-3.14)] and physically inactive [AOR:2.3 (95%CI:1.27-4.02)] while having central obesity [AOR: 2.5(95%CI:2.40-4.10)] and being in the age group of 55-64 [AOR:2.1(95%CI:1.69-5.23)]were independent predictors of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose was higher than the previous reports in Ethiopia and hence health information dissemination on modifiable risk factors such as smoking and regular physical activities as well as screening of high risk groups to reduce the disease burden are needed.