Abstract
BackgroundCervical cancer is the second most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cervical neoplasia and examine factors associated with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among women taking part in a cervical cancer screening program in Beijing.MethodsWomen aged 25–65 years were screened using the ThinPrep cytologic test and gynecologic examination. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to investigate factors associated with HSIL.ResultsAmong 728,704 women screened, the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, II, III was 50.2, 34.0, and 36.4 per 100,000, respectively. Prevalence of cervical cancer was 12.2 per 100,000. Risk factors for HSIL included being in age group of 46–55 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.44, compared with the 25–35 age group), bleeding after intercourse (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.40–3.10), and presence of trichomonas vaginalis infection (aOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.35–5.07), cervical inflammation (aOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 3.39–5.26), and genital warts (aOR = 3.89, 95% CI: 2.54–7.70). High education level (college and above compared with junior middle school or lower) was found to be protective (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.37–0.90).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cervical neoplasia is relatively high in Beijing. Women aged 46–55 years, those with a lower education level, those reporting bleeding after intercourse, and those affected by Trichomonas vaginalis infection, cervical inflammation and genital warts are at higher risk for HSIL. Particular efforts should be made to ensure these women are included in cervical cancer screening programs.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide
Indoor exposure to cooking oil fumes is associated with Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) [3], while cooking in kitchens equipped with fume extractors and keeping extractors on while cooking can protect women from this risk [14]
A total of 728,704 women from the 18 districts of Beijing participated in the screening program, representing 9.4% of the 25 to 65-year-old female population in Beijing in CIN I [n (/100,000)]
Summary
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death for women worldwide. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of cervical neoplasia and examine factors associated with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among women taking part in a cervical cancer screening program in Beijing. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) refers to changes in squamous cells of the cervix, where more extensive changes (CIN grades II and III) are known as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). At least 25% of women with HSIL will progress to carcinoma in situ or invasive cancer if lesions are left untreated [3]. Increased risk of invasive cervical cancer with exposure to passive smoking during adulthood has been demonstrated [12,13]. Indoor exposure to cooking oil fumes is associated with CIN [3], while cooking in kitchens equipped with fume extractors and keeping extractors on while cooking can protect women from this risk [14]
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