Abstract
Veterinaria México OA ISSN: 2448-6760Cite this as:Hernández Ramírez CV, Gaxiola Camacho SM, Osuna Ramirez I, Enríquez Verdugo I, Castro del Campo N, López Moreno HS. Prevalence and risk factors associated with serovars of Leptospira in dogs from Culiacan, Sinaloa. Veterinaria México OA 2017;4(2).doi: 10.21753/vmoa.2.2.369Domestic dogs transmit Leptospira spp. to humans, and determining the health risk that they represent is of paramount importance. To determine the seroprevalence and main risk factors associated with serovars of Leptospira in dogs from Culiacan, Sinaloa, we obtained serum samples from 165 dogs. The samples were stored at -40 °C and were analysed by the microbiology laboratory at Centro Nacional de Sanidad Animal using the leptospirosis microscopic agglutination test. Additionally, a survey was performed to identify epidemiological risk factors, and statistical inference was determined using chi-square test, odd ratios, and logistic regression with a statistical significance set at P < 0.05. The prevalence of Leptospira was 9 % (15/165), and we identified seven serovars: canicola 17 (46 %), icterohaemorrhagiae (40 %), bratislava (40 %), grippotyphosa (33 %), shermani (33 %), pyrogenes (20 %) and ballum (13 %). Based on our epidemiological survey, the risk factors associated with the detection of antibodies against Leptospira include the permanent habitation of pets in courtyards (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05) and presence of water stored in drums and basins (OR = 3.25, P < 0.05). The prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs indicates that the disease is present in the city of Culiacan and that leptospiral antibodies in dogs increase in poor sanitary conditions with stored water, which increases the potential risk of infection for both humans and animals.Figure 1. Frequency of observed serovars of Leptospira
Highlights
Dogs are considered to be the most important domestic species that transmit Leptospira spp. to humans.[1,2,3,4,5,6] In the state of Sinaloa, leptospirosis has been diagnosed in humans, ruminants and pigs.[7]
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) classify Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagiae with the key A 27.0.9 The Official Mexican Standard NOM-029-SSA2-1999 provides the general procedures for monitoring cases of leptospirosis.[8]
According to the number of doses of rabies vaccine given during the last ten years, and according to the information from the dog census performed by the Sinaloa Health Services (SSA), it is estimated that there are approximately 44,000 dogs unvaccinated for leptospirosis in Culiacan, Sinaloa
Summary
Dogs are considered to be the most important domestic species that transmit Leptospira spp. to humans.[1,2,3,4,5,6] In the state of Sinaloa, leptospirosis has been diagnosed in humans, ruminants and pigs.[7]. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) classify Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagiae with the key A 27.0.9 The Official Mexican Standard NOM-029-SSA2-1999 provides the general procedures for monitoring cases of leptospirosis.[8] This disease is caused by a pathogenic strain of a spirochete of the genus Leptospira and affects wild and domestic animals, as well as humans It is traditionally classified based on its phenotypic properties, serological reactions and pathogenesis into L. biflexa and L. interrogans, sensu lato. To date the seroprevalence of this disease in dogs in Sinaloa has not been reported
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