Prevalence and risk factors associated with perinatal depression in sexual minority women.

Abstract

Perinatal depression is associated with wide-ranging negative outcomes for women and their families, though little research has examined perinatal depression in sexual minority women. We examined depression in sexual minority women in the perinatal period, and whether there were unique minority stress-related risk and protective factors that predicted perinatal depression. One hundred ninety-four perinatal sexual minority women aged 18 years and older were recruited from the US and Australia. Participants completed an online questionnaire incorporating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and measures of minority stress and social support. Over one third (35.6%) of the sample scored in the clinical range on the EPDS. Experiences of discrimination were associated with greater depression symptoms via poor social support from family. Higher concealment motivation was associated with greater depression symptoms via poor family and partner support. There were no direct or indirect effects of internalized stigma on depression. Rates of clinically elevated perinatal depression symptoms among sexual minority women are high, extending previous research demonstrating mental health disparities between sexual minorities and their heterosexual counterparts to the perinatal period. The role of social support in mediating the relationships between minority stress and depression suggests that increasing partner and family support might be effective targets for therapeutic interventions during the perinatal period.