Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predisposing factors for hypomineralization of second molars in children in primary dentition. Methods: A questionnaire was applied to parents to analyze predisposing factors and to assist in the diagnosis of hypomineralization in children between 2 and 6 years old, followed by an intraoral examination based on indices of non-fluorotic enamel defects in the primary dentition, according to the “Modified Index DDE” to determine demarcated opacity and HSPM presence / severity index to assess hypomineralization. Children from public and private schools were dived into two groups: if they presented HSPM-Group 1 (G1) and if they did not have HSPM-Control group (CG). Results: The most frequent predisposing factors associated with the child were Illness in the first year of life (X2= 6.49; p=0.01) and antibiotic use in the first year of life (X2= 41.82; p= 0.01). The factors associated with the mother were hypertension (X2= 9.36; p=0.01), infections during pregnancy (X2=14.80; p=0.01) and alcohol consumption during pregnancy (X2=97.33; p=0.01). There was a prevalence of 3.9% of HSPM in 14 children, with statistical difference regarding gender (X2 = 4.57; p <0.05), with boys presenting a higher frequency. In G1 hypomineralization was of the type with demarcated opacity, with more prevalent characteristics the yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture and acceptable atypical restorations. All lesions were located in the labial region with 1/3 of extension. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in children between 2 and 6 years old was 3.9%, with a predominance in males, with tooth 65 being the most affected. There was an association between HSPM and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion. There was an association between HSPM and hypertension, infection and mothers' alcohol use during pregnancy.
Highlights
Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of systemic origin in the dental enamel that affects the first permanent molars and is often associated with the incisors
There was an association between hypomineralization of second primary molars (HSPM) and infection in the first year of life, as well as the use of antibiotics and sensitivity in the teeth affected by the lesion
HSPM presented as demarcated opacity, with the most prevalent characteristics being the type of yellowish spot, with moderate post-eruptive fracture, but with atypical restorations acceptable
Summary
Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of systemic origin in the dental enamel that affects the first permanent molars and is often associated with the incisors. The etiology remains unknown, it is related to environmental factors that are associated with systemic conditions during the prenatal period (last three months of pregnancy) and during the perinatal and postnatal periods. These factors may include low birth weight, congenital heart disease and use of continuous medication to treat systemic disease. Common conditions in the first 3 years of age, such as diseases of the upper respiratory tract, asthma, otitis, tonsillitis, gastrointestinal diseases, malnutrition, chickenpox, measles and rubella, seem to be associated with the occurrence of MIH4-6
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