Prevalence and predictors of Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome in a community-dwelling older Scottish population: A longitudinal observational study.

Abstract

Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) is a gait-based predementia syndrome that is easy to measure and prognostic of dementia and falls. We aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for MCR, and assess its overlap with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Prefrailty, and Frailty, in a cohort of older Scottish adults without dementia. In this longitudinal prospective study, we classified 690 participants (mean [SD] age 76.3 [0.8] years; wave 3) of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) into non-MCR or MCR groups. We examined their baseline (age 69.5 [0.8] years; wave 1) risk factors for MCR at waves 3, 4, and 5 (6, 9, and 12years later respectively). MCR prevalence rate ranged from 5.3% to 5.7% across the three waves. The presence of MCR was associated with older baseline age (6 and 9years later), lower occupational socioeconomic status (6years later), and worse scores in a range of tests of executive function (6, 9 and 12years later). Approximately 46% of the MCR group also had Mild Cognitive Impairment, and almost everyone in the MCR group had either Prefrailty or Frailty. The prevalence of MCR in this Scottish cohort is lower than the pooled global average, possibly reflecting the general good health of the LBC cohort. However, it is higher than the prevalence in two neighbouring countries' cohorts, which may reflect the younger average ages of those cohorts. Future LBC1936 research should assess the risk factors associated with MCR to validate previous findings and analyse novel predictive factors, particularly socioeconomic status.