Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV)

Dula Dessalegn Bosho,Tesfahun Chanie Eshetie,Teshale Ayele Mega,Lemessa Dube,Dawit Abera Adare,Mikyas Gashaw Tesfaye

doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0312-y

Dula Dessalegn Bosho, Tesfahun Chanie Eshetie + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-018-0312-y

Copy DOI

Journal: Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome	Publication Date: Feb 21, 2018
Citations: 25	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Jimma University

Abstract

BackgroundUse of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality. However, there is a growing concern about metabolic syndromes (MS), among patients receiving cART. Despite this fact, there is limited evidence for the prevalence of the MS among HIV-infected persons receiving cART in developing countries, particularly Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and predictors of MS among people living with HIV/AIDS in Jimma health centre, Jimma Zone south west Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Jimma health centre that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data on demographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected using World health organization (WHO) stepwise approach. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile was measured. The Third Report of National Cholesterol Education Program-adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III)-2001, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-2005 and the Joint interim statement-2009 (JIS) criteria were used to define MS. Data were analyzed using statistical software package (SPSS) version 20.0. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of MS and predictors with p value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.ResultsOf 268 HIV-infected participants included in the analysis, 211 (78.7%) were women. The mean age of the participants was 39.32 ± 10.626 years. Using the NCEP-ATP III criteria, the prevalence of MS was found to be 23.5% (63 patients). While it was 20.5% (55 patients) and 27.6% (74 patients) with IDF and JIS criteria respectively. Enrollment in formal education resulted in 75% increment in the odds of MS (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI [0.072–0.879]). The odds of MS in patients with body mass index > 25 kg/m2 was elevated to 13.4 times (AOR = 13.39, 95% CI [3.943–45.525]) and exposure to D-drugs was attributed to 59% increment in the odds of MS (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI [0.58–4.56]), although the finding lacks statistical significance.ConclusionsMetabolic syndromes was relatively common to the study population. Hence, promoting health education and monitoring patient’s clinical and laboratory parameters at every visit and taking appropriate measure is ideal.

Highlights

Use of combination antiretroviral therapy has led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality
The odds of metabolic syndromes (MS) in patients with body mass index > 25 kg/m2 was elevated to 13.4 times (AOR = 13.39, 95% CI [3.943–45.525]) and exposure to D-drugs was attributed to 59% increment in the odds of MS (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI [0.58–4.56]), the finding lacks statistical significance
There is a growing concern that, metabolic complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection such as, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), and weight loss, continue to occur to untreated HIV-infected patients, while lipodystrophy, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance are increasingly reported among those patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) [5]

Summary

Introduction

Use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to significant reductions in morbidity and mortality. A variety of definitions had been used with different sets of diagnostic criteria, which vary from specific principal elements. It generally includes hypertension, obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and high density lipoprotein (HDL) dyslipidemia [2]. It is a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors of multifactorial etiology including the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) [3]. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has modified the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, leading to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality. There is a growing concern that, metabolic complications associated with HIV infection such as, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, and weight loss, continue to occur to untreated HIV-infected patients, while lipodystrophy, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance are increasingly reported among those patients receiving cART [5]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion