Abstract
BackgroundAlthough patients in Germany are generally free to choose their primary healthcare provider, this role should mainly be assumed by general practitioners (GPs). While some predictors of the frequency of use of GP services have been reported in international studies, there is still a lack in knowledge what could deter people from contacting a GP in Germany. To improve healthcare, it is important to identify characteristics of people without a GP.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis was based on the first wave of the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults” (DEGS1) conducted by the Robert Koch Institute in 2008–2011. Descriptive analyses and multiple logistic regression by gender were performed to analyze the association between having no GP and age, gender, residential area, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, working hours per week, general state of health, chronic diseases and health insurance.ResultsOverall, 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4–10.7) of the 7755 participants stated to have no GP, more often men (11.4%) than women (7.6%). Life in urban areas (big cities vs. rural: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.9, 95% CI: 2.1–3.9), younger age (18–29 years vs. 65–79 years: aOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 2.5–7.7) and the presence of chronic diseases (yes vs. no: aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.6) showed significant associations of not having a GP. For men, the type of health insurance (private vs. statutory: aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5–3.0; other vs. statutory: aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.1) and for women, SES (low vs. medium: aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.7; high vs. medium: aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0) increased the risk of having no GP.ConclusionsOur analysis offers new insights into the use of GPs in Germany and revealed differences between men and women. Public health strategies regarding access to a GP have to focus on men and on women with a low SES. Further analyses are needed to determine whether men with private health insurance prefer to consult a specialist rather than a GP. For young adults, improving the transition process from a pediatrician to a GP could fill a gap in health care.
Highlights
Patients in Germany are generally free to choose their primary healthcare provider, this role should mainly be assumed by general practitioners (GPs)
232 participants were excluded from the analysis due to missing responses regarding the information on having a GP
Characteristics of the study population are summarized in Table 1: Having no GP was more prevalent among men (11.4%) than among women (7.6%)
Summary
Patients in Germany are generally free to choose their primary healthcare provider, this role should mainly be assumed by general practitioners (GPs). While some predictors of the frequency of use of GP services have been reported in international studies, there is still a lack in knowledge what could deter people from contacting a GP in Germany. The role of general practitioners (GPs) in Germany is of major importance in the health care system. It is advocated that every German citizen should have a GP in case of any possible health problem, research has been limited to the frequency of use of GPs. it is important to start research earlier to find out what drives or discourages people from contacting a GP.
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