Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a chronic non-infectious medical condition which is evident by raised levels of glucose in the blood, because the body cannot produce any or enough of the hormone insulin or use insulin effectively. Diabetes, if not well managed leads to complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy which can be fatal. Some of the factors that predisposes to diabetes include older age, higher body mass index, heredity and hypertension.With the availability of HAART for managing HIV/AIDS infection, life span of persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) has increased significantly. With increased longevity, the aging population of PLWHIV also face chronic diseases such as diabetes in addition to HIV. The burden of both HIV and diabetes is high in South Africa, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal. Nevertheless, the prevalence of diabetes among PLWHIV in KwaZulu-Natal and its predictors is not well understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, predictors of diabetes and the outcome of managing diabetes among PLWHIV.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in four public health care facilities in KwaZulu-Natal with a total sample size of 1203 after ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. A pretested questionnaire and hospital patient charts were used to collect data. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes among PLWHIV was 9%. Just over 47% of those who had diabetes, had uncontrolled blood sugar, with a mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 11.7 mmol/L. The predictors of diabetes among PLWHIV were male gender and older age. Male PLWHIV had 65% less chances of having diabetes and those who were between the ages of 18 and 48 years were 88% less probable to have diabetes compared to those who were older than 48 years.ConclusionPublic sector health care facilities in KwaZulu-Natal need to do much more to manage diabetes in PLWHIV in order to prevent diabetic complications and possible negative impact on the outcome of HIV management.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-infectious medical condition which is evident by raised levels of glucose in the blood, because the body cannot produce any or enough of the hormone insulin or use insulin effectively
This study was conducted with the following aim. This was a retrospective cohort study, aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of diabetes among persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (PLWHIV) and assessing the outcome of managing diabetes
The total of 1203 patients living with HIV that have been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months, between 2005 and 2019 were randomly selected as follows; letters ‘Y’ and ‘N’ were written on separate folded pieces of paper
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-infectious medical condition which is evident by raised levels of glucose in the blood, because the body cannot produce any or enough of the hormone insulin or use insulin effectively. Some of the factors that predisposes to diabetes include older age, higher body mass index, heredity and hypertension. With the availability of HAART for managing HIV/AIDS infection, life span of persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) has increased significantly. The aging population of PLWHIV face chronic diseases such as diabetes in addition to HIV. The burden of both HIV and diabetes is high in South Africa, in KwaZuluNatal. The prevalence of diabetes among PLWHIV in KwaZulu-Natal and its predictors is not well understood. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, predictors of diabetes and the outcome of managing diabetes among PLWHIV
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