Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi can cause severe diarrhea in children and adults. However, in China, there are scant studies on E. bieneusi in diarrheal children and adults, with the exception of prevalence and genotyping data in a small number of cities including Hubei, Shanghai, and Heilongjiang. In this study, 196 fecal samples (n = 132 in Chongqing, n = 44 in Shandong, n = 20 in Hubei) were collected, including 91 from children and 105 from adults. Through microscopic examination, 19 positive samples (11 from children and 8 from adults) were detected. Using PCR examination, the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) region was utilized by nested PCR to detect and characterize E. bieneusi. Twenty positive samples were detected, including 14 from children (≤11 years of age) and 6 from adults. According to the sequence analysis of ITS data, one known zoonotic (D) and seven novel (CQH5-11) genotypes were identified. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of E. bieneusi in diarrheal patients in different regions of China. Therefore, this study can provide useful information for the molecular epidemiology and control of E. bieneusi infection in humans in the future.
Highlights
Microsporidia has more than 200 genera and 1500 species, among which 17 species of 9 genera can infect humans
As of October 2020, in China, there are a total of nine articles on the study of E. bieneusi infection in humans
The first report was Changchun City in Northeast China in 2011, which reported the infection in diarrheal children (9/40, 22.5%) and pigs (10/61, 16.4%) [9]
Summary
Microsporidia has more than 200 genera and 1500 species, among which 17 species of 9 genera can infect humans. Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common etiological agent of diarrhea in humans and animals around the globe. It can infect many vertebrates, including mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles and causes high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised people. Zoonotic transmission is the main source of infection and can occur either directly by contact with infected animals or humans with inadequate sanitation, or via ingesting water or food contaminated with the pathogens indirectly. Pathogens 2021, 10, 128 source of infection and can occur either directly by contact with infected animals 2orofh1u0 mans with inadequate sanitation, or via ingesting water or food contaminated with the pathogens indirectly. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was 9.70% (by microscope) and 10.20% (by PCR) (Table 1). TcehebynuthmebKeirms ounrath2e-pbarraanmcheetesrare percmenotdbeol.oTtshtreanpupminbgevraslounesthfreobmra1n0c0h0erseaprleicpateersc.eEnatcbhosoetqstureanpcpeinisgivdaelnuteifsiefdrobmy 1it0s0a0crceepssli-on numcbaeters, .hoEsatcohrisgeiqnu, aendcegiesniodteynpteifideedsibgynaitisoanc.cTehsesinonovneul mgebneort,yhpoesstiodreingtiinfi,eadnidn gtheinsosttyupdey are indidcaetseigdnwatiitohnr.eTdhterinaonvgelel sg,eannodtytpheeskindoewntnifigeedniontythpiesssaturedyinadriecainteddicwatietdh wa igtrhereendtrtriaianngglele.s, and the known genotypes are indicated with a green triangle
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