Prevalence and Pattern of Inhalant Allergens among Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Vellore – A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem but often neglected and its burden, underestimated. Knowledge on its epidemiology is important for its diagnosis and treatment. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and pattern of various inhalant allergens among allergic rhinitis patients in Vellore district. METHODS: Cross sectional study was conducted among 300 adult patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis in Vellore district, between July - December 2019. Detailed history with a structured questionnaire & skin prick test after informed consent was done. The common inhalant (house dust, cotton dust, aspergillus, pollens, parthenium and cockroach) were tested. Chi square test was done and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant RESULTS: Majority,75%(n=225) were allergic to house dust, 68%(n=204) to cockroach and 67% (n=201) to parthenium,54.3% (n=163) to pollen. 44% (n=132) to cotton dust and 42.7%(n=128) to aspergillus respectively. Middle age group (26-40 years) was commonly affected. Though gender and place of residence showed difference clinically there was no statistical significance CONCLUSION: Prevalence of inhalant allergens is high. Majority affected with house dust and cockroach. Allergic rhinitis varies in accordance with location & environmental conditions. In addition to the well-established pharmacotherapy, self-management after understanding their trigger will help reduce the morbidity.