Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species in cattle and buffalo calves in Mumbai region of India

Abstract

Faecal samples of cattle and buffaloes of Mumbai region collected between November 2012 to June 2013 were analysed by conventional and molecular tools to note the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and species involved in the infection. Conventional analysis viz., direct faecal smear examination, faecal smear examination after normal saline sedimentation, Sheather's floatation and Sheather's floatation sedimentation smear methods demonstrated oocysts of Cryptosporidium in 141 (36.06%) of 391 samples with higher occurrence in buffaloes (36.99%) than cattle (34.48%). Diarrhoeic loose faeces showed higher prevalence (42.07%) than apparently normal faeces (31.72%) irrespective of the host species. When data were arranged as per age groups viz., calves of 0-1month, 1-2months, 2-3months and adults, the highest prevalence was noted in the youngest group (47.12%) declining gradually with the advancing age with lowest (6.25%) in adults indicating inverse correlation between prevalence rate and age of the host. These differences were statistically significant in case of buffaloes. Cryptosporidium andersoni was tentatively identified by morphometric analysis. By employing molecular tools like nested PCR, PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of few samples showed good correlation in the identification of species of Cryptosporidium involved in the infection and demonstrated occurrence of C. parvum, C. ryanae and C. bovis. Thus all the four commonly occurring bovine species of Cryptosporidium were encountered in the study area which appears to be a first record reporting the occurrence of Cryptosporidium with species level identification in large ruminants from Western region of India. Additionally, the public health significance of C. parvum was also discussed in light of epidemiological factors pertaining to the region.