Abstract
BackgroundPreeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) contributes significantly to maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the prevalence, materno-fetal outcomes and sociodemographic factors associated with PE/E at Nigerian Teaching Hospital from September 2014 to August 2019.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed deidentified secondary data of women managed for PE/E at a teaching hospital in north-central, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to determine sample characteristics and study outcome estimates. Bivariate analysis was used to test for associations between sociodemographic factors and PE/E, materno-fetal outcomes while logistic regression analysis was used to test for the magnitude of these associations. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of PE/E in this study was 3.60%. Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 3.02% of cases while eclampsia was the diagnosis in 0.58%. Case fatality rate was 3.9% and still birth rate was 10.7%. Majority of women (85.4%) did not have any maternal complication nor unfavorable outcome. Majority (67.7%), of babies weighed less than 2500 g and birth weight was the only sociodemographic factor that was significantly associated with fetal outcome (X2 = 15.6, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of PE/E in this study is high and is associated with high maternal and perinatal deaths. Majority of the cases of PE/E as well the fatalities occurred in women who had no formal education, unbooked and referred to the teaching hospital with worsening conditions. There is need for explorative research on community factors associated with PE/E and its outcome towards prevention and early management of cases.
Highlights
Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) contributes significantly to maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria
The hospital is a 350-bed federal government-owned tertiary institution situated in Gwagwalada; a semi-urban town located in the Gbagyi speaking region of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT)
Prevalence of PE/E During the 5-year period under review, the hospital recorded a total of 9760 deliveries of which 352 were women managed for PE/E thereby giving a total prevalence of 3.60%
Summary
Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) contributes significantly to maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) is a major public health problem globally and in Nigeria [1]. Perinatal health is negatively affected as an estimated 500,000 babies die each year from PE/E [3]. Women in low-resource countries are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia compared with those in high-resource countries [3]. They are at increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities from these conditions due to lack of prenatal care, lack of access to hospital care, lack of resources, and inappropriate diagnosis and management of patients with PE/E in the developing countries [4]
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