Abstract

Prevalence and Manifestations of Hypothyroidism among Population of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Highlights

  • The major endocrine gland is the thyroid gland, which secretes vital hormones like T3, T4 and TSH which are the key performer in the maintenance of body’s homeostasis of the body

  • Symptomatic thyroid dysfunction is characterized by abnormal serum levels of T3 and T4 respectively [4]

  • Food and water are the chief sources of iodine supplied to the thyroid gland to function normally, the deficiency of iodine in these sources lead towards the development of iodine deficiency disorders like cretinism, hypothyroidism, and goiter etc

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Summary

Introduction

The major endocrine gland is the thyroid gland, which secretes vital hormones like T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) which are the key performer in the maintenance of body’s homeostasis of the body. There is a high prevalence of thyroidal diseases in Pakistan. It is not a life threatening disorder, but if it is overlooked and remained untreated, it may develop into life threatening disorders like cancer. Hypothyroid diagnosed individuals were enrolled, and their serum thyroid hormones level, signs, symptoms, and clinical manifestations were observed. Goiter was observed to be 27%, Hashimotos to be 9%, Thyroid Cancer to be 10%, and Iodine Deficiency to be 88% with high prevalence in 21years to 29 years age group. In children and adolescents, residing in areas of iodine-sufficient thyroablative therapy and autoimmune thyroid disease are the foremost causes of hypothyroidism [18]. If the thyroidal disorders remain untreated, they can seriously affect whole mechanisms of body especially the cardiovascular system [19]. This research study aims at evaluating prevalence, clinical manifestation and pathophysiological features of hypothyroidism in population

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