Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an increasing public health problem caused by a range of uropathogens. UTI is a major health concern among tribal women due to lack of adequate health facilities at regional public health centers and district hospitals. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine samples of tribal women suffering from UTI. Urine samples were collected from 550 tribal women who visited the Outpatient Department (OPD) of the District Hospital of Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
 Methods: The samples were cultured on different selective and differential media and identified by colony morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests.
 Results: Out of 550 urine samples, 360 (65.45%) were culture-positive and 190 (34.55%) were culture-negative. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been identified as major uropathogens. K. pneumoniae is the most prevalent bacteria followed by P. mirabilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The drug sensitivity analysis of bacterial uropathogens was performed against different antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility profiling showed that most of the isolates of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and E. coli were resistant against penicillin (86.67-100%) and rifampicin (72.73-97.67%).
 Conclusions: Gentamycin, kanamycin and streptomycin were the most active antibiotics against the isolates of P. aeruginosa (76, 80 and 76%), P. mirabilis (76.62, 66.23 and 75.32%), K. pneumoniae (55.81, 20.93 and 44.19%) and E. coli (50.48, 37.14 and 62.86%), respectively, and may be the drug of choice for treatment of UTI in this region at present.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an increasing public health problem caused by a range of uropathogens
E. coli has been reported as the major causative organism in UTIs accounting for 75% to 90% of UTI isolates, K. pneumoniae (65%), P. aeruginosa (50%), Staphylococcus (20%), P. mirabilis (5%) and Candida Spp. (5%) have been prevalent UTI isolates among the Paliyar tribal group of India 12
Assessment of prevalence and identification of the major uropathogens is of paramount importance for the remotely located tribal districts of India
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an increasing public health problem caused by a range of uropathogens. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine samples of tribal women suffering from UTI. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are the most common infections, affecting almost 50% of the human population, women, at least once in their lifetime 1 It is one of the major causes of morbidities and discomfort among women, especially in developing countries. It has been reported that the rate of UTI is 10.57% higher in sexually active females and teenage girls Different microbes such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae and yeast (Candida albicans) have been reported in UTIs, but bacterial isolates are most prevalent 3. The most common bacteria involved in UTIs are E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus 4
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