Abstract
BackgroundAn estimated 30% of women worldwide experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. Exposure to IPV is associated with poor health outcomes and the prevalence of violence may be higher amongst women seeking healthcare. Existing evidence from the Arab region is limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence (IPV or violence from a family member) in clinical populations in Arab countries.MethodsUsing terms related to domestic violence, Arab countries, and date limit > year 2000, we searched seven databases: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science: core collection, IBSS, Westlaw, IMEMR. We included observational studies reporting estimates of prevalence or health outcomes of domestic violence amongst women aged > 15 years, recruited while accessing healthcare in Arab countries. Studies that collected data on/after 1st January 2000 and were published in English, Arabic or French were included. Title/abstract screening, full text screening, quality assessment and data extraction were carried out. Extracted data were summarised and meta-analysis was performed where appropriate.Results6341 papers were screened and 41 papers (29 studies) met inclusion criteria. Total 19,101 participants from 10 countries were represented in the data. Meta-analysis produced pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime exposure to any type of IPV of 73·3% (95% CI 64·1–81·6), physical IPV 35·6% (95% CI 24·4–47·5), sexual IPV 22% (95% CI 13·3–32) and emotional/psychological IPV 49·8% (95% CI 37·3–62·3). Domestic violence (IPV or family violence) exposure was associated with increased odds of adverse health outcomes: depression OR 3·3 (95% CI 1·7–6·4), sleep problems OR 3·2 (95% CI 1·5–6·8), abortion OR 3·5 (95% CI 1·2–10·2), pain OR 2·6 (95% CI 1·6–4·1) and hypertension OR 1·6 (95% CI 1·2–2·0).ConclusionsDomestic violence is common amongst women seeking healthcare in Arab countries. Exposure to domestic violence is associated with several poor health outcomes. Further research into domestic violence in the Arab world is required.Trial registrationSystematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42017071415.
Highlights
An estimated 30% of women worldwide experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime
Much of the current international evidence focuses on intimate partner violence (IPV), which is a subset of domestic violence
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 37% of women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have ever experienced physical or sexual IPV [4]
Summary
An estimated 30% of women worldwide experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence (IPV or violence from a family member) in clinical populations in Arab countries. Domestic violence is a worldwide epidemic with an estimated 30% of women experiencing physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner during their lifetime [1]. The WHO estimated that 37% of women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have ever experienced physical or sexual IPV [4]. This estimate was generated from just 18 available studies compared to 114 studies used to produce the high-income countries estimate. Smaller cross-sectional studies have been conducted in community or clinical settings in some countries [6,7,8,9]
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