Prevalence and factors which influence early antenatal booking among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: An analysis of data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey.

Fabiola V Moshi,Claudia Marotta

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249337

Abstract

Early initiation of the antenatal clinic is vital as it allows early detection, management, and prevention of problems that may occur during pregnancy time. The analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and factors which influence early antenatal booking among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. The study used data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS). A total of 6924 women of active reproductive age from 15 to 49 were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictors of early antenatal booking. Only 1586 (22.9%) of pregnant women had early antenatal booking. After adjusted for the confounders, factors which influenced early antenatal booking were age of a woman [20 to 34 years, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.554 at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.213-1.993, and more than 34 years, AOR = 1.758 at 95% CI = 1.306-2.368]; wealth status [rich, AOR = 1.520 at 95% CI = 1.282-1.802]; education level [higher education, AOR = 2.355 at 95% CI = 1.36-4.079]; parity [Para 2 to 3, AOR = 0.85 at 95% CI = 0.727-0.994 and Para 5+, AOR = 0.577 at 95%CI = 0.465-0.715]; zones [Unguja, AOR = 0.433 at 95% CI = 0.284-0.658 and Pemba, AOR = 0.392 at 95% CI = 0.236-0.649]. Early antenatal booking in Tanzania is extremely low. Women who were more likely to initiate antenatal visits within the first 12 weeks are those from well-off families, those with higher education, primiparity women, and those from Tanzania mainland urban. The innovative interventional study is highly recommended to come up with an effective strategy to improve timing for antenatal booking.

Highlights

Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality remain to be a public health challenge worldwide
After adjusted for the confounders, factors which influenced early antenatal booking were age of a woman [20 to 34 years, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.554 at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.213– 1.993, and more than 34 years, AOR = 1.758 at 95% CI = 1.306–2.368]; wealth status [rich, AOR = 1.520 at 95% CI = 1.282–1.802]; education level [higher education, AOR = 2.355 at 95% CI = 1.36–4.079]; parity [Para 2 to 3, AOR = 0.85 at 95% CI = 0.727–0.994 and Para 5 +, AOR = 0.577 at 95%CI = 0.465–0.715]; zones [Unguja, AOR = 0.433 at 95% CI = 0.284– 0.658 and Pemba, AOR = 0.392 at 95% CI = 0.236–0.649]
Women who were more likely to initiate antenatal visits within the first 12 weeks are those from well-off families, those with

Summary

Introduction

Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality remain to be a public health challenge worldwide. In the same year, 18 neonatal deaths occurred in every 1000 live birth worldwide. Tanzania is among the countries with the highest neonatal mortalities, in 2017, 21 neonatal deaths occurred in every 1000 live births [2]. Most of these deaths are due to preventable causes. Maternal morbidity refers to any physical or mental illnesses caused by pregnancy and/or childbirth [3]. Some of these illnesses are severe and can even lead to long term mental and physical disabilities [3].

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Discussion

Conclusion