Abstract
IntroductionLow- and middle-income countries, including Burkina Faso, are facing increasing urbanization with health challenges related to nutrition transition that impact body weight change. This study reported the prevalence and factors associated with overweight/obesity among women living in rural and urban Burkina Faso.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Burkina Faso 2013 WHO STEPwise survey. Data included socio-demographic, clinical (anthropometric, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), oral/dental symptoms), biological (total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar), and alcohol and tobacco consumption data. A total of 2191 participants with complete data were considered in the analysis. We categorized the 13 Burkinabe regions by urbanization rate quartiles. We then performed Student's t, chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests and backward stepwise regressions.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 19.6% (13.1% and 44% in rural and urban women respectively, p=0.0001). Common factors positively associated with overweight/obesity in both rural and urban women were being a resident of a region in the highest urbanization rate quartile, having a high level of total cholesterol (alone or via an interaction with age) and having a high DBP. In urban women only, overweight/obesity was also associated with a high SBP.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight/obesity in urban women in Burkina was among the highest levels in urban sub-Saharan Africa and roughly mimicked the urbanization profile of the country. In overweight/obesity conditions, cardiovascular concerns, such as increase in total cholesterol and blood pressure, were objective, and the blood pressure increase was more severe in urban women than in rural women.
Highlights
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the nutrition transition process is accompanied by body weight changes [1,2]
The overweight/obesity prevalence was 19.6% in the overall sample of women and was more pronounced in urban women than in rural women (44.0% and 13.1%) respectively with p
Overweight/obesity was associated with increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels and total cholesterol for the whole sample
Summary
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the nutrition transition process is accompanied by body weight changes [1,2]. Between 1980 and 2008, the weight gain (in body mass index (BMI), kg/m2) per decade was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI: 0.0-1.1) and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.41.3) in West African men and women aged >20 years, respectively [3]. In Burkina Faso, a low-income country in SSA, the last General Population and Housing Census (in 2006) counted 14,017,262 inhabitants, with 22.7% of them living in urban areas. No previous study has reported the national prevalence of overweight/obesity and the associated factors in women living in rural and urban Burkina Faso. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the associated factors among rural and urban women in Burkina Faso by using nationally representative data
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