Prevalence and evolution of clinical cases of Yellow Fever in Brazil between the years 2007 to 2016

Caroline Ferreira Fernandes,Lucas Araújo Ferreira,Hadassa Hanna Soares Martins,Juliana Hiromi Emin Uesugi,Bruna Raciele De Sousa Nascimento,Eliane Leite Da Trindade,Jonatan Carlos Cardoso Da Silva

doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24852

Abstract

Yellow Fever (YF) is a non-contagious infectious disease of variable symptoms that occurs mainly in tropical forests regions of the Americas and Africa and is caused by a Flavivirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Its vectors are mosquitoes of the genus Haemagogus, Sabethes and Aedes, and these have non-human primates as the main source of infection. In Brazil, there has been no record of urban AF since 1942, although the increase in cases of the wild form combined with low vaccination coverage contribute to the risk of re-urbanization of the disease Material and methods: For the study, epidemiological data were obtained from confirmed cases of Yellow Fever reported in the Notification System for Health Disorders (SINAN) available at the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results and discussion: A total of 177 cases of were reported in Brazil, the year with the highest notification was in 2016 (52). The region with the highest occurrence of cases were the Southeast (95). Regarding the clinical evolution, of the 177 cases, 68 affected patients were cured, while 89 died from the reported injury, evidencing a high rate of lethality (50.2%). Conclusion: YF remains a public health problem, over the years there was a decrease in cases, this was due to immunization campaigns in the country, however, there was a significant increase in notifications in 2016, this whole panorama reinforces the need intensifying surveillance and expanding vaccine coverage.

Highlights

Yellow Fever (FA) is a non-contagious infectious disease that occurs mainly in tropical forest regions of the Americas and Africa
The North region had the lowest prevalence of the disease with 18 cases, the South region reported 25 cases of the pathology, the Northeast region did not present reports of AF according to SINAN data (Figure 2)
Noronha and Camacho (2017) emphasize that the exacerbated spread of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in large urban centers creates a favorable environment for the re-urbanization of Yellow Fever in Brazil, this is due to its ability to behave as a vector to propagate arboviruses, a fact this is presented in the studies carried out by Cavalcante and Tauil (2016), who reported that confirmed cases of wild Yellow Fever are increasingly closer to urban areas, a factor that, together with low vaccination coverage and epizootic surveillance in non- humans can contribute to the re-urbanization of this disease

Summary

Introduction

Yellow Fever (FA) is a non-contagious infectious disease that occurs mainly in tropical forest regions of the Americas and Africa. It is caused by an enveloped virus whose genetic material is a single-stranded RNA belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. Yellow Fever has variable symptoms, which can be divided into three phases: infection, remission and intoxication. Symptoms of YF include headache, body aches, nausea, chills, fever, vomiting, and fatigue. A large part of the patients affected by the disease improves after presenting these symptoms, in the most severe cases of this pathology, during the period of intoxication, hemorrhagic fever, hepatic and renal dysfunction occur in

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