Abstract
Prevalence and etiology of thyroid disease: A review
Highlights
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the major thyroid disorders caused due to malfunctioning of the thyroid gland
According to reports major abnormalities of thyroid glands are globally almost 1.6 billion people are at the hypothyroidism
T3 hormone has three iodine atoms known as triiodothyronine, while T4 has four iodine atoms named as thyroxin [3]
Summary
The thyroid is butterfly shaped small gland with 20 to 25 grams of weight [2]. It has two major hormones, namely T3. Thyroid follicles secrete thyroxin or T4 hormone. T3 hormone has three iodine atoms known as triiodothyronine, while T4 has four iodine atoms named as thyroxin [3]. During the normal functioning thyroid gland secretes T3 and T4 approximately 7% and 93%, respectively. TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) is secreted by the stimulation of TRH (tripeptide-releasing hormone) by the hypothalamus. TSH is called thyrotropin, which is anterior pituitary hormone and involved in synthesis, regulation and secretion of synthesis of T3 and T4 hormones [5]
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