Prevalence and Etiologies of Obstructive Renal Failure in the Nephrology Department of the University Hospital Center of Point G, Bamako, Mali

Seydou Sy,Magara Samaké,Saharé Fongoro,Atabième Kodio,Alkaya Touré,Abdoul Aziz Mahamane Seribah Coulibaly,Moctar Coulibaly,Moustapha Tangara,Moussa Salifou Diallo,Hamadoun Yattara,Modi Sidibé,Djénèba Diallo,Sah Dit Baba Coulibaly,Aboubacar Sidiki Fofana

doi:10.4236/ojneph.2020.103018

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive renal failure (ORF) or obstructive uropathy is defined by the simultaneous presence of impaired renal function and urinary excretory tract dilatation on medical imaging. It accounts for 2% to 10% of the causes of acute renal failure (ARF). Objective: To determine the prevalence and etiologies of ORF in the nephrology department of the University Hospital Center of Point G. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. All patients hospitalized with renal failure due to urinary tract obstruction were included. The parameters studied were age, gender, etiology, type of renal impairment, procedures performed, surgical outcomes of the procedure, pre-and post-management creatinine levels. Information on these clinical and paraclinical variables was collected from individual hospitalization and patient follow-up records. Results: Among 1133 patients, 83 had obstructive renal failure, a prevalence of 7.32%. The sex ratio was 1.86. The mean age was 48.99 ± 6.81 years with extremes of 7 and 102 years. Signs suggestive of lower urinary tract obstruction were, in order of frequency: dysuria (50.6%), urinary burns (44.6%), urinary frequency (44.6%), pollakiuria (44.6%), macroscopic hematuria (25.3%), low back pain (21.6%), total anuria (18.1%). The etiologies were dominated by lithiasis 36 cases (43.4%), tumours 32 cases (38.55%) followed by sequelae of bilharziasis 12 cases (14.50%). Conclusion: Obstructive renal failure is becoming more and more common. The etiology is essentially of lithiasic and tumor origin. It must be treated early to allow total or partial recovery of renal function.

Highlights

Obstructive renal failure (ORF) or obstructive uropathy is defined by the simultaneous presence of impaired renal function and urinary excretory tract dilatation on medical imaging
Signs suggestive of lower urinary tract obstruction were, in order of frequency: dysuria (50.6%), urinary burns (44.6%), urinary frequency (44.6%), pollakiuria (44.6%), macroscopic hematuria (25.3%), low back pain (21.6%), total anuria (18.1%)
Patients were included in this study without distinction of sex, age or nationality, hospitalized for renal failure whose cause is an obstacle in the urinary tract and having a medical record including clinical variables, paraclinical variables, procedures performed, surgical results, creatinine levels before and after drainage

Summary

Introduction

Obstructive renal failure (ORF) or obstructive uropathy is defined by the simultaneous presence of impaired renal function and urinary excretory tract dilatation on medical imaging It accounts for 2% to 10% of the causes of acute renal failure (ARF). The parameters studied were age, gender, etiology, type of renal impairment, procedures performed, surgical outcomes of the procedure, pre-and post-management creatinine levels. Information on these clinical and paraclinical variables was collected from individual hospitalization and patient follow-up records. Obstructive renal failure is defined as acute or chronic obstruction of the urinary tract, occurring bilaterally or in a single anatomical or functional kidney This type of renal failure is called post-renal, because its etiology is downstream of the kidneys. This form of renal failure continues to pose many problems in facilities with limited technical facilities, more so than in developing countries [2]

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