Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Slovakian patients with Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the DIARET SK study.Patients and methodsAn epidemiological multi-center survey that included 4,078 adult patients (aged ≥18 years) from 51 diabetologists and 47 ophthalmologists. Data were collected from February to December 2015.ResultsThe final data set consisted of 4,014 patients; 3,700 were enrolled (Type 2 DM = 3,405, Type 1 DM = 295) using a quasi-random approach; 16 (Type 2 DM = 15, Type 1 DM = 1) patients in the pre-specified group had DM duration of <5 years with a history of DR while 298 patients (Type 2 DM = 204, Type 1 DM = 94) had DM duration of ≥ 20 years. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of patients at diagnosis for Types 2 and 1 DM was 53.4 (9.5) and 27.6 (12.9) years, respectively. The mean (SD) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.5 (1.4) and 8.5 (1.6) in Types 2 and 1 DM patients, respectively, whereas a slightly higher proportion of patients had >11.0 HbA1c in Type 1 DM (5.8%) than Type 2 (2.0%). The mean (SD) duration of Type 2 DM was shorter compared with Type 1 (7.5 [5.2] vs 10.3 [6.9] years). In Type 2 DM patients, there were 516 (15.5%) cases of DR, 19 (0.56%) of proliferative DR (PDR), and 106 (3.11%) of diabetic macular edema (DME). In Type 1 DM patients, there were 86 (29.15%) cases of DR, 10 (3.39%) PDR, and 12 (4.07%) DME.ConclusionsIn Slovakian patients with DM, the duration of disease and higher HbA1c were the most prevalent factors that contributed to the development of DR and DME.
Highlights
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent health disorders of the 21st century
The final data set consisted of 4,014 patients; 3,700 were enrolled (Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) = 3,405, Type 1 DM = 295) using a quasi-random approach; 16 (Type 2 DM = 15, Type 1 DM = 1) patients in the pre-specified group had DM duration of
In Slovakian patients with DM, the duration of disease and higher HbA1c were the most prevalent factors that contributed to the development of DR and diabetic macular edema (DME)
Summary
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent health disorders of the 21st century. The majority of people suffering from diabetes are from low income or developing countries [1,2]. According to the International Diabetes Federation 2017 report, there are currently nearly 425 million people aged 20–79 years who have the condition [1,2]. By 2045, nearly 693 million people will be suffering with diabetes worldwide [3]. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for 4.8% of blindness throughout [4] the world and has a global prevalence of 34.6% [5] and is mainly found in patients aged between 20–74 years [6, 7]. DR is classified into two types: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR). The prevalence of DR and PDR is higher amongst people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with Type 2 [5]. In patients with DM, DR is the leading cause of blindness, but the data available on the prevalence of DR are inconsistent
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