Abstract
BackgroundGlobal increase of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have affected Indonesia, however, lack of data in this multiethnic group country warrants a nationwide study for MetS and its components. This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among Indonesian people based on the province and ethnic groups.MethodsWe obtained 8573 subjects from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 4 (IFLS4), spread over 20 provinces in Indonesia and consisting of 27 ethnic groups. MetS was operationalized according to an adapted Harmonized MetS definition. Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval were estimated using log-binomial regression.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS in Indonesia is 21.66% with provincial prevalence ranging from 0 to 50%, while the ethnic prevalence ranging from 0 to 45.45%. Significant higher MetS prevalence ratios were found in Jakarta (PR 1.826; 95CI 1.628–2.048), West Nusa Tenggara (PR 1.412; 95CI: 1.222–1.630), West Sumatra (PR 1.404; 95CI: 1.202–1.641), East Java province (PR 1.109; 95CI: 1.001–1.229) and in Sasak (PR 1.532; 95CI:1.304–1.800), Minangkabau (PR 1.469; 95CI:1.251–1.726), Betawi (PR 1.597; 95CI:1.346–1.895), Acehnese ethnic group (PR 2.101; 95CI:1.099–4.020) while significant lower prevalence ratios were observed in Central Java (PR 0.668; 95CI: 0.580–0.770), Yogyakarta (PR 0.695; 95CI: 0.575–0.840), Banten (PR 0.718; 95CI: 0.533–0.968), Bali province (PR 0.724; 95CI: 0.590–0.889) and in Javanese (PR 0.855; 95CI:0.788–0.928), also Balinese ethnic groups (PR 0.669; 95CI:0.535–0.836). The highest prevalence of MetS components among Indonesians was low HDL cholesterol (66.41%), followed by hypertension (64.45%), and central obesity (43.21%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS in Indonesia is moderate with provincial and ethnic prevalence varied. Provincial and ethnic group differences in MetS prevalence ratios were observed. The top two most prevalent MetS components in Indonesian were low HDL cholesterol and hypertension.
Highlights
Global increase of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have affected Indonesia, lack of data in this multiethnic group country warrants a nationwide study for MetS and its components
Significant higher MetS prevalence ratios were found in Jakarta (PR 1.826; 95CI 1.628–2.048), West Nusa Tenggara (PR 1.412; 95CI: 1.222–1.630), West Sumatra (PR 1.404; 95CI: 1.202–1.641), East Java province (PR 1.109; 95CI: 1.001–1.229) and in Sasak (PR 1.532; 95CI:1.304–1.800), Minangkabau (PR 1.469; 95CI:1.251–1.726), Betawi (PR 1.597; 95CI:1.346–1.895), Acehnese ethnic group (PR 2.101; 95CI:1.099–4.020) while significant lower prevalence ratios were observed in Central Java (PR 0.668; 95CI: 0.580–0.770), Yogyakarta (PR 0.695; 95CI: 0.575–0.840), Banten (PR 0.718; 95CI: 0.533–0.968), Bali province (PR 0.724; 95CI: 0.590–0.889) and in Javanese (PR 0.855; 95CI:0.788–0.928), Balinese ethnic groups (PR 0.669; 95CI:0.535–0.836)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interconnected risk factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]
Summary
Global increase of metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have affected Indonesia, lack of data in this multiethnic group country warrants a nationwide study for MetS and its components. This study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among Indonesian people based on the province and ethnic groups. Increased prevalence worldwide affects both developed countries as well as developing countries, including the Asia-Pacific region [2]. This MetS increase is in concordance with the 82% increase of the worldwide obesity pandemic over the time span of 1990 to 2010 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) [3]. Since an increasing trend in MetS prevalence was found in other regions, Indonesia might be affected simultaneously, little is known regarding the MetS epidemiology in this multiethnic group country
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