Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) in slum population and to its strength of association.
 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at Karad urban slum area of district Satara, India in the year 2018. The study was conducted among randomly selected 460 adults were in age ranges from 18 to 60 years. A standard World Health Organization-stepwise approach questionnaire includes demographic data, behavioral information, and clinical examination; anthropometric data were employed to elicit the data from the eligible study participants by interview and examination method. Inferential statistics were worked out to determine the significant statistical association among variables under study.
 Results: The prevalence of HTN among adult slum dweller was 23.04% of which prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 16.03%. Significantly higher proportions of undiagnosed hypertensive were seen in males 22% and females 15.5% as well as also in all age groups, and it was seen twice in males as compared to females. The risk factor prevalence of current exposure to tobacco was 88.47% of which higher proportion, 90.7% was seen in females. Alcohol exposure was seen in 25% participants of which higher proportion, 38.5% seen in males and maximum exposure was seen in 46.7% males and 38.8% females and were from the young age group 18–30 years. Daily fruits and pure vegetarian diet consumption was observed in 3.2% and 19.3% slum dwellers, respectively. The prevalence of physical exercise was 17.1% of which significantly higher proportion, 22.0% was seen males and was of 1.8 times more than females. Overweight/obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2) reported was 25.4% of which higher proportion, 26.9% was seen in females and they were maximum, 31.0% and 32.8% in males and females and from the age group of 40–50 years.
 Conclusion: Study revealed the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN at alarming state among the people residing in slum habitations. Similarly, risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, and dietary patterns were strongly existence among participants.
Highlights
Hypertension (HTN) is a global health problem
To estimate the sample size, we considered that the prevalence of HTN among Maharashtra slum population was 15.15% reported by Bendhari et al [6]
The present study revealed that point prevalence of HTN (PP-HTN) was 23.4% among slum adolescents of which proportion of undiagnosed cases was 16.03%, and data depict that huge mass of patients with undiagnosed hypertension still exists in the community and could be one of the important causes for high mortality and disability in India
Summary
Hypertension (HTN) is a global health problem. A recent World Health Organization (WHO) report indicates that nearly 1 billion adults globally had HTN in 2000 and this is predicted to increase to 1.56 billion by 2025 [1,2,3]. The WHO has further projected that by 2030, stroke alone will emerge as the main cause of death (36%) in India and HTN is considered as the main risk factor. HTN alone accounts for 30–50% of the stroke cases in India. Vast knowledge exists about the risk factors and NCDs and experience in the prevention and control even in low- and middle-income countries. A current need is to addresses the community-based interventions require country-specific data on risk factors so that priorities can be appropriately set and targeted interventions developed and monitored. For data collection process to most effectively inform this process, the data must be collected, analyzed, and used regularly and systematically
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