Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and determinants of SU in adolescents based on the social development model (SDM). In 2018, applying a cross-sectional design, cluster multistage random sampling was employed to recruit 600 adolescents in Bam County, Iran, to participate in the study. A valid and reliable SDM-based instrument was used to collect data. The prevalence rate of using at least one substance was 42% (in girls 33.6% and in boys 50.3%). Adjusted for covariates, having close friends with SU was found as the factor with the highest risk. Higher scores in involvement in prosocial activities and interactions (OR: 0.47; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.33–0.66, p < 0.001), attachment and commitment to prosocial others (family and school) (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58–0.93, p < 0.05), and skills for interaction/involvement (OR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.39–0.67, p < 0.001) reduced the odds of ever use of SU among adolescents. Also, higher levels of perceived rewards for antisocial interaction/involvement (OR: 2.22; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.53–3.22, p < 0.001) and belief in antisocial values (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.67–2.94, p < 0.001) increased the odds of ever use SU among the respondents. In community-based interventions to prevent SU among adolescents, a great focus should be firstly on identifying the probability of SU in close friends. Moreover, the involvement of adolescents in prosocial activities and interactions, attachment and commitment to prosocial others (family and school), and skills for interaction/involvement should be core categories while designing community-based interventional studies.
Highlights
Explaining the risk and protective factors of substance use (SU) is the most important principle while designing preventive interventions
The social development model (SDM) was helpful in determining the predictors of SU among Iranian adolescents
SU in adolescence leads to severe consequences such as unintentional injuries, cancer, suicide and murder, depression, personality disorders, unplanned sex and sexually transmitted infections (STDs) [3]
Summary
Explaining the risk and protective factors of substance use (SU) is the most important principle while designing preventive interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and determinants of SU in adolescents based on the social development model (SDM). Substance use (SU) including alcohol, tobacco and other drugs (ATOD) in adolescents is known as one of the most important health and social problems throughout the world. In Iran, SU is considered as the fourth risk factor for mortality, after road accidents, cardiovascular diseases and burns. It imposes three billion dollars cost and damage to Iran's economy, annually [6,7]. Previous studies have shown a relatively high prevalence of SU in Iranian adolescents
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