Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacteriosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease observed world-wide, is becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of Campylobacter infection among under-fives with acute watery diarrhea in Mwanza City, Tanzania.MethodThis cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and Sekou Toure Hospital in Mwanza City. All inpatients and outpatients under-fives who met the inclusion criteria from October 2012 to April 2013 were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using standardized data collection tools. Stool samples were collected for gram staining and culture for Campylobacter spp. on Preston selective agar media. In addition, blood slides for malaria and HIV tests were done to all patients.ResultsA total of 300 children were enrolled with a median age of 12 [interquartile range, 8–19] months. Of these, 169 (56.5%) were from BMC and 131 (43.7%) from Sekou-Toure hospital. One hundred and seventy (56.7%) of the participating children were male. Of 300 under-fives with acute watery diarrhea, 29 patients (9.7%) were found to have Campylobacter infection. A significant higher number of children with Campylobacter infection were found in Sekou Toure hospital compared to BMC [16.0% (21/29) versus 4.7% (8/29), p = 0.002)]. Age above 2 years was independently found to predict campylobacter infection (OR: 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.7, p = 0.0037). Of 30 patients with a positive blood slide for Plasmodium falciparum, 20.0% were also positive for Campylobacter infection (OR: 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-10.1, p = 0.021).ConclusionCampylobacter infection shows a comparatively low prevalence in under-fives with acute watery diarrhea in Mwanza city and is independently associated with positive slides for malaria and an age above 2 years. Further studies are needed to type the most prevalent Campylobacter species and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Highlights
Campylobacteriosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease observed world-wide, is becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans
A significant higher number of children with Campylobacter infection were found in Sekou Toure hospital compared to Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) [16.0% (21/29) versus 4.7% (8/29), p = 0.002)]
Of 30 patients with a positive blood slide for Plasmodium falciparum, 20.0% were positive for Campylobacter infection (OR: 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-10.1, p = 0.021)
Summary
Campylobacteriosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease observed world-wide, is becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. This study was done to determine the prevalence and determinants of Campylobacter infection among under-fives with acute watery diarrhea in Mwanza City, Tanzania. Diarrhea remains the most common problem affecting under-fives in developing countries [1]. Prevalence of Campylobacter infections in developing countries is estimated to be higher than that of Salmonella and Shigella [2]. The disease is rapidly becoming the most commonly recognized cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in human and is estimated to cause 5–14% of the cases of diarrhea worldwide [3]. Asymptomatic infection is more common in developing countries than in industrialized countries [1]. A previous study in Tanzania showed a prevalence of 4% of Campylobacter infection in asymptomatic patients aged
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