Prevalence and degrees of myopia and hyperopia at Gondar University Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, Northwest Ethiopia.

Abstract

BackgroundRefractive errors are the second and third leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in Ethiopia, respectively. The situation is worse where accessing spectacles, which are the only management option in developing countries, is a major issue. Gondar University Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center is the only referral eye care center, and it lacks published evidence on the prevalence and degrees of refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and degrees of myopia and hyperopia at Gondar University Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center.Materials and methodsRecords of 1,921 patients presented to refraction service at Gondar University Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center from January 2010 to January 2014 were reviewed. All cases of refractive errors (with visual improvement of at least one line) were converted into spherical equivalents (SE = sphere + ½ cylinder). Myopia was defined as SE ≤ −0.25 D and hyperopia ≥ +0.25 D.ResultsThe study comprised of 61.1% males and 38.9% females; the patients had an average age of 40±17 years. The overall prevalence of refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia) was 76.3% (95% confidence interval: 75%–77%). Myopia was present in 34.5% patients and hyperopia in 38.3%. Low-degree hyperopia (86%) and low-degree myopia (49.5%) were the most frequent refractive errors.ConclusionMyopia and hyperopia are major reasons for patients to visit Gondar University Hospital Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center. Low-degree myopia and hyperopia were the most common refractive errors. Stocking appropriate power lenses is needed at this tertiary eye care center in order to alleviate this problem in Ethiopia.