Prevalence and correlates of suicidality in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract

BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggest individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are at an increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (SITB). However, the literature on suicidality in OCD remains limited. Thus, the present study examined the prevalence and predictors of suicidality in a sample of adults seeking treatment for OCD. MethodsA total of 687 patients seeking care through a network of intensive treatment centers consented to participate. Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires of depression and OCD symptom severity, as well as psychodiagnostic interviews. ResultsAlmost half of the participants reported current suicidal ideation. The presence of a comorbid diagnosis was associated with increased likelihood of more severe SITB. Specifically, the presence of a co-occurring anxiety, depressive, or bipolar mood disorder predicted increased severity of SITB. In addition, obsession severity was positively associated with suicidality, while compulsion severity negatively predicted the severity of SITB. Regarding OCD symptom dimensions, repugnant thoughts emerged as a significant predictor of SITB severity. ConclusionsSITB is a prevalent concern in treatment-seeking patients with OCD. Clinicians are encouraged to assess and consider the treatment implications of SITB, particularly among patients with co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders, or symptoms involving taboo thought content. Future directions and theoretical considerations are discussed.