Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Neonatal Jaundice in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019

Michael Tamene Haile

doi:10.7176/jhmn/74-03

Abstract

Purpose : The aim of the study is to assess prevalence and contributing factors of neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods : A cross-sectional institution based retrospective study was conducted on 338 samples selected using systematic random sampling taken from a one-year retrospective review of medical records. These neonates were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Data was collected by a structured checklist format then entered and analyzed using SPSS 23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to identify contributing factors of neonatal jaundice considering p-value less than 0.05. Results : Among 338 total neonates enrolled under this study the prevalence of neonatal jaundice was found to be [p=45 (13.3%), CI=1.83-1.90]. The factors which show statistically significant relationship between hyperbilirubinemia were inadequate breast feeding with AOR = 30.770 (CI=9.974-94.929), followed by presence of cephalhematoma AOR=9.627(CI=2.651-34.958) and neonatal infection or sepsis having AOR =4.690 (CI=1.529-14.390), maternal age AOR=.092 (CI=.016-.528), and breast milk jaundice AOR=.026 (CI=.003-.206) both do not reach statistical significance. Conclusion : By identifying the contributing factors earlier, we may be able to modify them and reduce the need for neonatal intensive care unit admissions for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia. Keywords: hyperbilirubinemia, neonates, infection, prematurity DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/74-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Highlights

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes resulting from deposition of bilirubin
This study focused on the assessment of recent prevalence of neonatal jaundice and factors contributing in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), which help for better preparedness and resource allocation in the unit
Material and methods Study area, period and design Institution based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 1 to December 31, 2018 at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC)., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The study was conducted on the period of July 1- July 15, 2019 using a oneyear retrospective data

Summary

Introduction

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia is the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes resulting from deposition of bilirubin It happens when a serum bilirubin greater than 85 μmol/L (5 mg/dl).[1] In a proportion of infants, jaundice may become severe, typically with total plasma/serum bilirubin (TSB) ≥20mg/dL or 342μmol/L, necessitating prompt hospitalization for phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion (ET) to halt potential progression to acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) or kernicterus.[2], Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH) is associated with a variety of conditions. It poses a direct risk of permanent neurological sequel due to neurotoxicity resulting in hearing loss and intellectual deficits. The known risk factors for the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are exclusive breast feeding, ABO incompatibility, premature birth, infection, cephalohematoma, and asphyxia.[5]

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