Prevalence and Composition of Urinary Tract Stones from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Riyadh

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a common problem in elderly population of developed countries. Urinary stones formation is thought to be multifactorial because of climatic conditions, eating habits, luxurious lifestyle. A monocentric study was carried out to find the rate and chemical composition of calculi in Saudi Population of Riyadh. We studied total 332 urolithiasis patients of King Khalid University Hospital, of age ranging from 1‐90 years (255 M & 77 F). Stone samples were obtained after surgery, for analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy determines the type and composition of each stone. Urolithiasis was mainly observed in patients aged 51‐60 yrs (24%), especially males belonging 51‐60 yrs (25.8%). Anatomically, stones were found prevalent in kidneys (79.2%). Nephrolithiasis mainly affect females (88.3%). Calcium was the main constituent being seen in 316 (95.1%) stones, of these 178 (53.6%) stones show calcium as only cation with other anions and 138 (41.4%) stones show calcium with magnesium and other anions. Magnesiumcontaining stones were profound in females (57.14%) than males (36.86%). Uric acid (28.1%) and cystine (12.9%) stones were least observed. The current findings demonstrate an increased incidence of stone disease in males, but a shift is noticed in the prevalence by gender in nephrolithiasis in the population. In addition Calcium oxalate stones remain most frequent, with magnesium and uric acid.