Prevalence and comorbidity of affective disorders in persons making suicide attempts in Hungary: importance of the first depressive episodes and of bipolar II diagnoses

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and comorbidity of affective disorders, especially current major depressive episode and bipolar disorder among suicide attempters in Hungary. Methods: Using a structured interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) determining 16 Axis I psychiatric diagnoses defined by the DSM-IV and a semistructured interview collecting background information, the authors examined 100 consecutive suicide attempters, aged 18–65. Results: Eighty-eight percent of the attempters had one or more current diagnoses on Axis I. In 69% it was major depressive episode and 60% of them were suffering their first episode. Thirty-five percent of the patients with current major depressive episode had had hypomanic ( n=19) or manic ( n=5) episodes in the past. Seventy percent of the individuals received two or more current diagnoses on Axis I. Eighty-six percent of all current Axis I disorders (except major depressive episode) were diagnosed together with a current major depressive episode. The diagnosis of current major depressive episode and the number of current psychiatric disorders was significantly and positively related to the number of suicide attempts, but the diagnosis of past major depressive episode was not. Limitations: This study included suicide attempters who had presented selfpoisoning, but not individuals with very high risk of fatality. Conclusions: In suicide attempters there is a very high prevalence of affective disorders, especially major depression, first episode of major depression and bipolar II disorder. This study underlines the importance of early detection and treatment of psychiatric disorders for the prevention of suicidal behavior.