Abstract
Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by an aggregate of metabolic disorders whose coexistence in the same individual can correspond on the one hand to a common pathophysiological mechanism and on the other hand to expose the subject to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing rapidly in both developed and developing countries, but has been poorly described in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of them reported the components of the metabolic syndrome only in isolation. Methods: This cross-sectional study carried out on a cohort of 76 patients followed at the Sait-louis regional hospital used the definition criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Results: The average age of our patients is 56.92 with extremes ranging from 32 to 80 years old. The sex ratio is 0.49. The average duration of diabetes progression is 68 months. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in this population is 67.1%. Abdominal obesity and high blood pressure are the most commonly found criteria. Abdominal obesity was the most associated component of MS in both sexes followed by high blood pressure. We found relatively weak data for dyslipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia. HypoHD is dyslipidemia more found in our cohort: in 45% of women and 21% of men. Conclusion: The management of the metabolic syndrome therefore requires fighting against all the factors that compose it, the first of which is the accumulation of visceral fat. Lifestyle modification is the first priority for these patients facing a society where the reduction of physical activity and the enrichment of the fat diet are becoming more and more important.
Highlights
The metabolic syndrome is characterized by an aggregate of metabolic disorders whose coexistence in the same individual can correspond on the one hand to a common pathophysiological mechanism and on the other hand to expose the subject to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
Type 2 diabetes, a true global pandemic and a public health problem [1] [2] [3] [4] [5], is associated with comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, high blood pressure and comorbidities that may be present in the metabolic syndrome
These comorbidities are recognized as cardiovascular risk factors, increasing the morbidity and mortality of patients [6]. This syndrome results from the association of 3 types of alterations: the accumulation of adipose tissue (TA) in particular at the level of the muscle and the liver, leading to a lipotoxicity of free fatty acids (FFA) and their derivatives at the level of these insulin-sensitive organs; alteration of the endocrine function of TA with modification of adipokine production; and macrophage infiltration resulting in the development of a pro-inflammatory state leading to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinism [6] [7] [8]
Summary
The metabolic syndrome is characterized by an aggregate of metabolic disorders whose coexistence in the same individual can correspond on the one hand to a common pathophysiological mechanism and on the other hand to expose the subject to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes, a true global pandemic and a public health problem [1] [2] [3] [4] [5], is associated with comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, high blood pressure and comorbidities that may be present in the metabolic syndrome. These comorbidities are recognized as cardiovascular risk factors, increasing the morbidity and mortality of patients [6]. The secondary objectives are to describe the association of the different criteria of the metabolic syndrome
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