Abstract
BackgroundInadequate housing, low family income, household smoking, personal smoking status, and poor schooling are some of the conditions that have been significantly associated with the prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) and associated risk factors among First Nations people.MethodsAn interviewer-administered survey was conducted as part of the First Nations Lung Health Project in 2012 and 2013 with 874 individuals from 406 households in two First Nations communities located in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The questionnaire collected information on individual and contextual determinants of health and a history of ever diagnosed with CB (outcome variable) from the two communities participating in the First Nations Lung Health Project. Clustering effect within households was adjusted using Generalized Estimating Equations.ResultsThe prevalence of CB was 8.9% and 6.8% among residents (18 years and older) of community A and community B respectively and was not significantly different. CB prevalence was positively associated with odour or musty smell of mildew/mould in the house [ORadj (95% CI) = 2.33 (1.21, 4.50)], allergy to house dust [3.49 (1.75, 6.97)], an air conditioner in home [2.33 (1.18, 4.24)], and increasing age [0.99 (0.33, 2.95), 4.26 (1.74, 10.41), 6.08 (2.58, 14.33)]. An interaction exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the house*body mass index showed that exposure to household smoke increased the risk of CB for overweight and obese participants (borderline). Some of the variables of interest were not significantly associated with the prevalence of CB in multivariable analysis, possibly due to small numbers.ConclusionsOur results suggest that significant determinants of CB were: increasing age; odour or musty smell of mildew/mould in the house; allergy to house dust; and, body mass index. Modifiable risk factors identified were: (i) community level-housing conditions (such as mould or mildew in home, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in house); and, (ii) policy level-remediation of mould, and obesity.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Highlights
Inadequate housing, low family income, household smoking, personal smoking status, and poor schooling are some of the conditions that have been significantly associated with the prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis
The First Nations Lung Health Project (FNLHP) included 874 adults participants (443 women, 431 men) living in 406 households from the two participating communities. This analysis was based on n = 720 participants who responded to the question “Has a doctor ever said you had chronic bronchitis?” and completed an individual and household questionnaires
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the house modified the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and chronic bronchitis (p < 0.05)
Summary
Inadequate housing, low family income, household smoking, personal smoking status, and poor schooling are some of the conditions that have been significantly associated with the prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis. Rates of respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are higher in Aboriginal peoples [1, 3]. In a recently published article, based on data from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), the prevalence of CB was 6.6% among off-reserve First Nations people (5.0% in males and 7.2% in females) [2]. These rates were higher than the prevalence of CB for the non-Aboriginal Canadian population (2.4%) [5]. Based on limited data available for on-reserve First Nations, it was reported that First Nations adults living on reserves have higher age-adjusted rates of CB compared to other Canadians [8, 9]
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