Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Foodborne Pathogens Isolated from Dairy Cattle and Poultry Manure Amended Farms in Northeastern Ohio, the United States.

Woinshet Hailu,Geoffrey Carney-Knisely,Yosra A Helmy,Gireesh Rajashekara,Dean Fraga,Michael Kauffman

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10121450

Woinshet Hailu, Geoffrey Carney-Knisely + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10121450

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Abstract

Foodborne pathogens significantly impact public health globally. Excessive antimicrobial use plays a significant role in the development of the public health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Here, we determined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli O157, Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and Campylobacter isolated between 2016 and 2020 from small scale agricultural settings that were amended with dairy cattle or poultry manure in Northeastern Ohio. The total prevalence of the foodborne pathogens was 19.3%: Campylobacter 8%, Listeria monocytogenes 7.9%, Escherichia coli O157 1.8%, and Salmonella 1.5%. The prevalence was significantly higher in dairy cattle (87.7%) compared to poultry (12.2%) manure amended farms. Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in manure samples (84%) compared to soil samples (15.9%; p < 0.05). Multiple drug resistance was observed in 73%, 77%, 100%, and 57.3% of E. coli O157, Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and Campylobacter isolates recovered, respectively. The most frequently observed resistance genes were mphA, aadA, and aphA1 in E. coli O157; blaTEM, tet(B), and strA in Salmonella; penA, ampC, lde, ermB, tet(O), and aadB in L. monocytogenes and blaOXA-61, tet(O), and aadE in Campylobacter. Our results highlight the critical need to address the dissemination of foodborne pathogens and antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings.

Highlights

Foodborne illnesses have a major public health impact in the USA and around the world
Our results showed that E. coli O157 isolates from poultry manure amended farms were 100% resistant to Amp, Str, Gen, Sul, and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (Tri), whereas in dairy cattle manure amended farms, 100% of E. coli O157 isolates were resistant to Sul and Tri (Table S4)
Our results revealed that the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli O157, Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and Campylobacter varied among different farm types amended with animal manure in Northeastern Ohio

Summary

Introduction

Foodborne illnesses have a major public health impact in the USA and around the world They affect approximately one in six Americans annually, leading to approximately 128,000 hospitalizations and 3000 deaths [1]. Campylobacter infections cause 1.3 million illnesses, 13,240 hospitalizations with an estimated cost of $1.56 billion per year [5]. In the USA between 2009–2015, 5760 foodborne outbreaks were reported and the implicated bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic [12,13] Out of these outbreaks, 896 were caused by Salmonella, 191 caused by Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC), 155 caused by Campylobacter, and 35 caused by L. monocytogenes [13]. The USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified drug-resistant Campylobacter and drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella as serious threats to human health [2,14]

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