Abstract
Consumption of contaminated poultry and poultry products by Salmonella is a public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from slaughtered poultry. A total of 563 intestine samples from slaughtered chickens (n= 283) and guinea fowl (n=280) were collected from 7 open markets in 2 urban and 2 rural areas of Burkina Faso. The samples were processed for the isolation and identification of associated <i>Salmonella</i> using microbiological standard methods. The suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical tests and serotyped by slide agglutination test according to Kauffman-White scheme. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of <i>Salmonella</i> were also investigated using commonly used antibiotics. Of the 563 intestines samples, 139 (24.69%) isolates were recovered, with 59/283 (20.84%) isolates from chicken and 80/280 (28.57%) isolates from guinea fowl. The successful serotyping of 109/139 isolates revealed 9 serotypes namely Typhimurium, Kentucky, Ouakam, Brancaster, Hato, Kaapstad, Essen, Chester, and Derby. Five strains were untypable and 15 belong to different serogroups such as B, M, E, D, F, and O. The serotypes Brancaster, Chester, Derby, Hato, and Typhimurium were found in chicken and guinea fowl. S. Kaapstad was detected only on guinea fowl and S. Essen, Kentucky and Ouakam on chicken. Serotype Derby (38.84%), Chester (11.51%) and Hato (10.07%), Typhimurium (8.63%) were the most prevalent. Out of the 139 isolates, 100% show resistance to at least one antibiotic (Erythromycin), while, 50 (35.97%) were multi-resistant. High sensitivity of isolates was recorded for Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Cephalexin, Sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim and Colistin Sulfate. The data confirm that poultry is a potential reservoir of <i>Salmonella</i>. This recommends good hygienic practices when producing poultry carcasses.
Highlights
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is considered one of the most common causes of foodborne human infections worldwide [1]
For pre-enrichment and enrichment step, 10 g of cecal contents were homogenized in 90 mL of sterile buffered peptone water (Liofilchem, France) incubated at 37°C for 24 h and 1 mL was transferred into 10 mL of Muller-Kauffmann broth novobiocin tetrathionate (MKTTn) (OXOID, England) and 0.1 mL on MSRV agar (OXOID, England), plates were incubated at 41°C for 24 h
The nine Salmonella serotypes identified in this study have been isolated in patients with diarrhea in Burkina Faso [29, 30]. These findings show that chicken and/or guinea fowl can be considered as the main reservoirs for Salmonella and constitutes a potential source for human salmonellosis in Burkina Faso
Summary
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is considered one of the most common causes of foodborne human infections worldwide [1]. More than 2610 Salmonella enterica serovars have been recognized worldwide, most of them being major causative agents of diseases in humans and animals, producing gastroenteritis and other acute infections [2]. According to food poisoning statistics from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Center in Japan, there were 93,444 bacterial foodborne illnesses between 1999 and 2002, and 32% of these cases were salmonellosis [4]. Salmonella has been reported to be the second most pathogen affecting foodborne illnesses in Burkina Faso [6, 7]. In Sub-Saharan African countries and in Burkina Faso, there is an emergence of poultry farming and it’s encouraged by the government for agricultural development, but this activity is dominated by artisanal technologies that lead to human and animal illnesses. Traditional poultry is a source of income for poor farmers in rural areas, especially women, [11]
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