Abstract
Problem statement: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in human, rural en vironment cause significant morbidity due to insanitary condition, lack of knowledge of personal hygiene, lack of patient's compliance and economic burden. In our st udy, the bacterial etiologies and the resistance patterns found in human with serious UTIs and selec ting optimal antimicrobial therapy. Approach: A total of 105 patients first morning mid stream urin e samples, culture was done by the calibrated loop technique delivering 0.001 mL of urine plated on Cy stine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey agar and Blood agar medium (Hi Media, India) for isolation of uropathogens. All pathogens were analyzed for drug susceptibility by disk diffu sion method. Results: More than 50% of them were confirmed to have UTI bacteriological positive. Women and man especially in the age group of 20-29 had higher incidence of bacterial in fection. A total of 58 isolates seven different uropathogens were identified among the Escherichia coli (31%) was dominant pathogens followed by Citrobacter spp., (20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.24%). In all uropathogens antibiotics susceptibility the more active agents were norfloxa cin (87.93%), ciprofloxacin (70.68%), gentamicin (70.68%), nalidixic acid (68.96%), nitrofurantoine (60.34%) and tetracycline (60.34%) and less active in ampicillin (8.62%), rifampicin (37.93%) and carb enicillin (41.37%). Conclusion: Among commonly used antimicrobial agents for the treatment of UTI, there is a trend towards increasing resistance to ampicillin and a persistently low res istance rate to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin should be consider for treatment.
Highlights
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases and nearly 10% of people will experience a UTI during their life time. (Delanghe et al, 2000; Hoberman and Wald, 1997) it is serious ailment in human due to the frequency, recurrence and difficulty in eradication UTI poses stiff challenge to the medical professionals
A specimen was considered positive for UTI if a single organism was cultured at a concentration of ≥105 cfu mL−1, or when a single organism was cultured at a concentration of 104 cfu mL−1 and ≥5 pus cell per high-power field were observed on microscopic examination of the urine (Collee et al, 1996)
The Gram-negative bacilli isolated from UTI were sensitive to amikacin and, ciprofloxacin (83-100%) and Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to kanamicin and tobramicin (100%). (Nicolle, 2002) has remarked that this increase in resistance may be due to improper treatment and indiscriminate use of antibiotics
Summary
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases and nearly 10% of people will experience a UTI during their life time. (Delanghe et al, 2000; Hoberman and Wald, 1997) it is serious ailment in human due to the frequency, recurrence and difficulty in eradication UTI poses stiff challenge to the medical professionals. Dis., 6 (2): 29-33, 2010 aeruginosa and Citrobacter spp., (McLaughlin and Carson, 2004; Llenerrozos, 2004; Mittal and Wing, 2005; Blair, 2007) Some enteric organisms such as Pseudomonas adhere to the urinary catheter and form a biofilm on the surface, which acts as a reservoir for growth (Shigemura et al, 2006). An accurate and prompt diagnosis of UTI is important in shortening the disease course and for preventing the ascent of the infection to the upper urinary tract and renal failure. This problem of persistent uro-tract infection is more pronounced in rural environment due to insanitary condition, lack of knowledge of personal hygiene, non availability of clinical diagnostic facilities and lack of patient’s compliance. In this view we were planned to study the incidence of uro-tract infection with symptomatic evaluation of patients for UTI, assess the incidence of UTI among the population in terms of sex and age groups, to determine the causative agents of UTIs and their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antibiotics in patients
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