Abstract
BackgroundDiarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death among children aged below 5 years. Even though, both preventable and treatable diseases, globally there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease and responsible for killing around 525,000 children every year. Shigella and Salmonella species were the leading cause of etiologic agents for diarrhoea associated deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Shigella and Salmonella isolated from children aged below 5 years with diarrhoea attending Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital, Hossana, South Ethiopia.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted from June 02 to September 24, 2017. Two hundred four children aged below 5 years with diarrhoea were enrolled consecutively using convenience sampling technique. Stool specimens were processed in accordance with the standard bacteriological methods and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsOut of the 204 children aged below 5 years with diarrhoeal disease 19/204 (9.3%, [95%CI, 5.7–13.7%]) of them were positive for bacterial growth, of which 17/204(8.3%) were Shigella species and 2/204(1%) were Salmonella species. Both Shigella and Salmonella isolates were 100% susceptible to norfloxacin, nalidixic acid and kanamycin. However, isolates of Shigella showed 100, 76.5 and 64.7% resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and cotrimoxazole respectively while Salmonella species were highly resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin (100% each).ConclusionsSalmonella and Shigella species is prevalent in the current study area. Among the tested antibiotics, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid and kanamycin were found to be most effective for both isolates. Both species are developing resistance to the commonly prescribed antibiotic. Therefore, culture based bacterial species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing services are strongly recommended to avoid empirical treatment in the study area.
Highlights
Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death among children aged below 5 years
Area and population A cross sectional study was carried out from June 2017 to September 2017 on children aged below 5 years with diarrhea attending Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital (NEMMH), Hosanna town, South Ethiopia
Prevalence of Shigella and Salmonella Of the 204 children aged below 5 years with diarrhoeal disease 19/204 (9.3%, [95% CI, 5.7–13.7%]) revealed bacterial growth, of which 17/204(8.3%) were Shigella species and 2/204(1%) were Salmonella species
Summary
Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death among children aged below 5 years. A wide variety of aetiological agents are responsible for causing diarrhea such as Shigella spp (Shigellosis), Vibro cholera (Cholera), typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (tEPEC), entrotoxigonic E. coli (ETEC), non-typhoidal Salmonella spp, Clostridium difficile, Aeromonas spp, Campylobacter spp, (Campylobacter enteritis), Rotavirus (Rotaviral enteritis), enteric Adenovirus (serotype 40 and 41), Norovirus, Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis), and Cryptosporidium spp (Cryptosporidiosis). Among these agents Rotavirus, Shigella spp and Salmonella spp are the leading cause of diarrhea deaths [2]. Inappropriate antibiotic use and limited laboratory facilities to test antimicrobial susceptibility has led to an increased antimicrobial resistance and reduced therapeutic efficacy in the developing countries [4]
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