Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria

Abstract

Bacterial urinary tract infection is one of the common health problems during pregnancy which can lead to complications. The misuse of antibiotics against the infection has led to emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with urinary tract infections among pregnant women, attending antenatal clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria. A total of 110clean catch midstream urine (MSU) samples of pregnant women were collected and analyzed from August to November, 2019. The samples were subjected to bacteriological count using spread plate method. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using cultural and biochemical tests. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using Agar disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that out of 110 samples collected, 70 (64%) were positive for UTI. Prevalence of UTI was higher among age group <18years (72.7%). Prevalence of UTI based on gestational age showed higher rate in second trimester (71.7%). Prevalence of UTI based on symptoms showed higher rate among women with pain during urination (75.0%) while those with lower back pain had the lowest rate of UTI (50.0%). Prevalence of UTI based on predisposing factors showed higher rate (73.3%) among those that used toilet roll to clean up after defecation than those that used water (62.1%).Those that practice the method of cleaning up from anus to vagina after defecation had higher rate of UTI (68.8%) than those that clean up from vagina to anus (59.7%). However, the rate was not statistically significant (p>0.05).­ Non-diabetic pregnant women had 63.7% prevalence of UTI while diabetic pregnant women had (62.5%). Staphylococcus aureus account for 16.4% of UTI cases in this study area. This was followed by Escherichia coli (10.9%), while the least implicated bacteria was Klebsiella spp (10%). Klebsiella species was 63.6% susceptible and resistant to gentamicin and amoxicillin respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was 94.4% susceptible and 44.4% resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole respectively. Escherichia coli had the highest Multi-Drug Resistant in this study. Due to prevalence of UTI in this study area, it is essential to screen pregnant women for UTI in order to avoid complications during child delivery. Streptomycin was the drug of choice in treating the infection.