Abstract
Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a severe public health problem. However, infected patients are usually treated empirically without preceding culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, which may increase the antibiotic resistance level. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common bacterial uropathogens isolated in Akkar governorate, North Lebanon.
 Methods. Spot midstream from urine samples from 9662 patients presenting UTI symptoms who came to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate, were collected in sterile plastic cups. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
 Results. Overall, a total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 72.5% of all isolates , followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (5.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Proteus spp. (3%), Enterobacter spp. (2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (0.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (0.1%). Moreover, the mean antibiotic resistance rates of isolates was relatively high, but similar to previous investigations reported in our country.
 Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated from patients in Akkar governorate. Our data indicated the urgent need of a strategic plan to tackle antibiotic resistance, particularly in deprived regions with poor healthcare structures such as Akkar governorate.
 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3823/801
Highlights
Ear infection is one of the most common illness which can be extremely painful because of inflammation and fluid buildup in the ear [1,2]
A total of 481 bacterial ear pathogens were isolated from deep ear swab specimens of patients who came to Nini hospital clinical laboratory in Tripoli, North Lebanon
This study revealed widely different antibiotic resistance rates of bacterial ear pathogens among the examined patients in Tripoli, North Lebanon
Summary
Ear infection is one of the most common illness which can be extremely painful because of inflammation and fluid buildup in the ear [1,2]. Most children will have had at least one acute ear infection episode before three years of age. Ear infection is one of the most widespread illness usually caused by bacteria or viruses, and which can be extremely painful. They are the most common reason for parents to bring their children to clinicians. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of common bacterial ear pathogens isolated from patients in Tripoli, North Lebanon during the period of years.
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