Abstract
AbstractThis work evaluates a biorefinery approach for microbial valorization of bio‐oil fractions produced by fast pyrolysis of ash‐rich lignocellulosic biomass. Different methods are presented for the pretreatment of the low‐sugar complex bio‐oil consisting of organic condensate (OC) and aqueous condensate (AC) to overcome their strong inhibitory effects and unsuitability for common analytical methods. Growth of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which was chosen as a reference system, on untreated bio‐oil fractions was only detectable using solid medium with OC as sole carbon source. Utilization of a pretreated OC which was filtered, autoclaved, neutralized and centrifuged enabled growth in liquid medium with significant remaining optical instability. By subjecting the pretreated fractions to solid phase extraction, more stable and less inhibitory bio‐oil fractions could be obtained enabling the appliance of common analytical methods. Furthermore, this pretreatment facilitated growth of the applied reference organism Pseudomonas putida KT2440. As there is currently no convincing strategy for reliable application of bio‐oil as a sole source of carbon in industrial biotechnology, the presented work depicts a first step toward establishing bio‐oil as a future sustainable feedstock for a bio‐based economy.
Highlights
Regarding bio‐oil fractions produced from wheat straw by fast pyrolysis in the bioliq® plant at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany), two studies have already been reported investigating their potential as carbon source for microbial cultivation (Dörsam et al, 2016; Lange et al, 2017)
The major component of the two bio‐oil fractions produced in the bioliq® process is acetic acid (Table 1), which can be a potential carbon source for some microorganisms (Berg et al, 2002; Gerstmeir et al, 2003; Li et al, 2016; Lian et al, 2012)
By the first pretreatment step, water‐soluble substances such as organic acids and sugars within the viscous organic condensate (OC) were extracted by cold‐water extraction to be separated from residual bio‐oil, pyrolytic lignin, and solids
Summary
The most abundant nonfood renewable raw material is lignocellulosic biomass, which may present a sustainable alternative platform to petrochemicals (Anwar, Gulfraz, & Irshad, 2014; Iqbal, Kyazze, & Keshavarz, 2013; Menon & Rao, 2012). Growth of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which was chosen as a reference system, on untreated bio‐oil fractions was only detectable using solid medium with OC as sole carbon source. Regarding bio‐oil fractions produced from wheat straw by fast pyrolysis in the bioliq® plant at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany), two studies have already been reported investigating their potential as carbon source for microbial cultivation (Dörsam et al, 2016; Lange et al, 2017).
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