Abstract
PurposeCognitive function is frequently assessed with objective neuropsychological tests, but patient-reported cognitive function is less explored. We aimed to investigate the preoperative prevalence of patient-reported cognitive impairment in patients with diffuse glioma compared to a matched reference group and explore associated factors.MethodsWe included 237 patients with diffuse glioma and 474 age- and gender-matched controls from the general population. Patient-reported cognitive function was measured using the cognitive function subscale in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The transformed scale score (0–100) was dichotomized, with a score of ≤ 75 indicating clinically important patient-reported cognitive impairment. Factors associated with preoperative patient-reported cognitive impairment were explored in a multivariable regression analysis.ResultsCognitive impairment was reported by 49.8% of the diffuse glioma patients and by 23.4% in the age- and gender-matched reference group (p < 0.001). Patients with diffuse glioma had 3.2 times higher odds (95% CI 2.29, 4.58, p < 0.001) for patient-reported cognitive impairment compared to the matched reference group. In the multivariable analysis, large tumor volume, left tumor lateralization, and low Karnofsky Performance Status score were found to be independent predictors for preoperative patient-reported cognitive impairment.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that patient-reported cognitive impairment is a common symptom in patients with diffuse glioma pretreatment, especially in patients with large tumor volumes, left tumor lateralization, and low functional levels. Patient-reported cognitive function may provide important information about patients’ subjective cognitive health and disease status and may serve as a complement to or as a screening variable for subsequent objective testing.
Highlights
Diffuse glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults [36]
Patients with diffuse glioma had 3.2 times higher odds for selfreported cognitive impairment compared to the matched reference group
Histopathology, tumor lateralization, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), use of corticosteroids, and tumor volume were factors significantly associated with patient-reported cognitive impairment (p ≤ 0.05), while there was a trend for gender (p < 0.1)
Summary
Cognitive impairment is a frequent symptom in glioma patients already before treatment [45]. Neuropsychological assessments with objective tests have been viewed as the gold standard of cognitive evaluation in glioma studies, but these may be lengthy, time-consuming, and burdensome for the patients, especially in unselected high-grade glioma patients. This may result in poor compliance and selection bias [4, 5, 17, 23]. Most available studies are restricted to either cross-sectional design, lack of control groups, heterogeneous populations, or non-validated questionnaires [8, 10, 37, 43]
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