Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials among the alternative energy resources are the most desirable resources that can be employed to produce cellulosic ethanol, but this materials due to physical and chemical structure arranges strong native recalcitrance and results in low yield of ethanol. Then, a proper pre-treatment method is required to overcome this challenge. Until now, different pre-treatment technologies have been established to enhance lignocellulosic digestibility. This paper widely describes the structure of lignocellulosic biomass and effective parameters in pre-treatment of lignocelluloses, such as cellulose crystallinity, accessible surface area, and protection by lignin and hemicellulose. In addition, an overview about the most important pre-treatment processes include physical, chemical, and biological are provided. Finally, we described about the inhibitors enzymes which produced from sugar degradation during pre-treatment process and the ways to control this inhibitors.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 1-11
Highlights
Bioethanol derived from biomass is regarded as a most promising alternatives to fossil fuels due to its higher octane, clean burning, higher flame speeds and higher heats of vaporizations than gasoline, which can be blended with gasoline or used sprightly as clean alcohol in dedicated vehicles (Choi et al, 2015)
Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of cellulose (38-50%), hemicelluloses (23–32%) and lignin (15–25%), in a complex structure, which the recalcitrancy of these compositions is very high
Many pre-treatment processes are purposed to improve the digestibility of lignocellulose materials by hemicelluloses and/or lignin reduction
Summary
Bioethanol derived from biomass is regarded as a most promising alternatives to fossil fuels due to its higher octane, clean burning, higher flame speeds and higher heats of vaporizations than gasoline, which can be blended with gasoline or used sprightly as clean alcohol in dedicated vehicles (Choi et al, 2015). This review first present the structure of lignocellulose and effective factors in pretreatment lignocelluloses, describes the most commonly used pre-treatment methods in improving the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass and briefly review inhibitors enzymes and efficient techniques to remove components that inhibit microbial growth and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Many pre-treatment processes are purposed to improve the digestibility of lignocellulose materials by hemicelluloses and/or lignin reduction.
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